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BIP to Elect Anti-Pope on Monday |
Posted by: Stone - 01-29-2023, 01:23 PM - Forum: Sedevacantism
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BIP to Elect Anti-Pope on Monday
Aurelio Porfiri [1P5] | January 28, 2023
You may not have realized it, but a new “Pope” will be elected this coming Monday, the 30th of January. Why do I put it in quotes? For two good reasons. The first is that you cannot elect a new Pope if there is one still alive; the second is that this whole story, more than ridiculous, seems tragic to me.
Let’s take a step back.
For some years there have been people who have argued that Benedict XVI’s resignation was not valid, indeed that he had voluntarily entered an impeded office, continuing to be Pope. It follows that for them, Pope Francis is not a Pope, but an Antipope. This movement is known in various ways, benevacantists, sedeimpeditists, BiP (Benedict is Pope). Obviously these names are no longer very representative, since as we know, on December 31, 2022, Benedict XVI died. Now for BiP, how to move forward? As for the moment, for those who follow these ideas, there is no Pope.
But why bother with all this? Because the people who follow the theory are not so few. In Italy the key figures are Alessandro Minutella – a priest laicised and twice excommunicated – and Andrea Cionci, journalist and writer. The reference text of this movement comes from Mr. Cionci and is called Ratzinger Code, translated into various languages. The well-known Italian philosopher Diego Fusaro has also adhered to this thesis. Besides Italy, the movement has proselytes in the Latin American world and also in the United States, think for example of the well-known Catholic commentator Patrick Coffin.
But let’s go back to Italy. Among those who support these theories is Alexis Bugnolo from the United States but of Italian origins, who came out of the Franciscans of the Immaculate. He is defined as a “Franciscan friar of private vows.” Now, Fra’ Bugnolo has announced that once the days of waiting after the death of Benedict XVI (for them the real Pope) have expired, they will have to elect a new Pope. But who elects him? Because I don’t think there is a single Cardinal who follows these theories.
Thus, since the Italian BiP deemed the situation urgent, the faithful of Rome and the suburban dioceses were summoned [by them] to elect a new pope, provided they have a proof of residence and that they belong to the Catholic religion (which I fear they will lose immediately by participating in a clearly schismatic act).
Now you might think that Alessandro Minutella and Andrea Cionci would support Alexis Bugnolo. But no, they are distancing themselves from this gesture and therefore the circle of followers of this thesis is beginning to split. But then, who are the candidates? Because to my knowledge, there is no legitimate Bishop who is BiP. So who do they elect? A priest? A layman?
If they began by trying to convince us that Benedict XVI was still Pope despite his resignation (and his own declarations against this thesis!), now they will try to convince some unsuspecting bishop that he is Pope without his knowledge! Unless some bishop elected without a papal mandate lends himself to such a thing.
I believe that all of this should help us make an important reflection on the great confusion that grips the Catholic Church and also, it must be said clearly, a certain Catholic segment of traditionalism. Unfortunately, a sensationalist approach has become prevalent and, to the important questions that the faithful are rightly asking, answers are offered that are not only wrong, but which only cause chaos and confusion to grow.
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“Enrichment” by Impoverishment? The Fate of the Propers for the 4th Sunday after Epiphany |
Posted by: Stone - 01-29-2023, 08:15 AM - Forum: Vatican II and the Fruits of Modernism
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“Enrichment” by Impoverishment? The Fate of the Propers for the 4th Sunday after Epiphany in the Modern Missale Romanum
NLM | January 28, 2023
The collect, secret and postcommunion in the traditional Roman Rite for this coming Sunday, the 4th after Epiphany, have over a millennium of attested use in the liturgy. It is concerning, therefore, to note that, despite this, neither the collect nor the postcommunion for this Sunday are contained anywhere in the Novus Ordo, a book so often described as an “enrichment” of the Roman Rite, and more recently as containing “all the elements” of it. Let us take a brief look at the history of this Sunday’s prayers, and their fate in the post-Vatican II liturgical reforms.
Collect (CO 1898)
Quote:Deus, qui nos, in tantis perículis constitútos, pro humána scis fragilitáte non posse subsístere: da nobis salútem mentis et córporis; ut ea, quæ pro peccátis nostris pátimur, te adiuvánte vincámus.
O God, who know that our human frailty cannot stand fast against the great dangers that beset us, grant us health of mind and body, that with your help we may overcome what we suffer on account of our sins.
The Corpus orationum tells us that this prayer appears in a total of forty-three manuscripts, dating from the 8th century. In all of these, it is an Epiphanytide collect, and in the vast majority of them (thirty-seven), it is used on the 4th Sunday after Epiphany, just as we find in the 1962 Missale Romanum.
It has completely disappeared from the Novus Ordo. It seems more than likely that the phrase in tantis perículis constitútos, pro humána scis fragilitáte non posse subsístere was deemed not suitable for the new, post-Vatican II “modern mentality”. [1]
Secret (CO 749)
Quote:Concéde, quǽsumus, omnípotens Deus: ut huius sacrifícii munus oblatum fragilitátem nostrum ab omni malo purget semper et múniat.
Grant, we pray, almighty God, that what we offer in sacrifice may cleanse us in our frailty from every evil and always grant us your protection.
This prayer has a variety of use in the tradition, the two main groups being:- as an Epiphanytide secret, in forty manuscripts from the 8th century onwards (thirty-three of which use it on the 4th Sunday after Epiphany);
- as a Lenten secret: thirty-one manuscripts, from the 9th century onwards (note that in twenty-five of these, it is also used as an Epiphanytide secret).
The Corpus orationum also gives a third group of ten manuscripts, dating from the 8th century onwards, which use this prayer in diverse ways, with frequent duplication: in Advent (five manuscripts), Lent (three manuscripts), the Proper/Common of Saints (four manuscripts), and Votive Masses (two manuscripts). In one of these manuscripts, this secret/super oblata prayer is actually used as a collect!
In the 1962 Missal, this secret is used on Saturday in Week 3 of Lent as well as the 4th Sunday after Epiphany, and in every one of the thirty-one manuscripts where this prayer occurs in Lent, it is duplicated on the 4th Sunday after Epiphany. As per the policies of Coetus XVIII bis of the Consilium, [2] in the Novus Ordo this duplication is eliminated, in this case by removing the prayer’s (slightly earlier and better-attested!) use in Epiphanytide, and retaining its Lenten use. However, it has been moved to Thursday in Week 4 of Lent, a day on which it is never attested in the manuscript tradition. Of course, the post-Vatican II liturgical reformers couldn’t possibly have retained this prayer on a Sunday – after all, the phrase fragilitátem nostrum ab omni malo purget semper et múniat is obviously much too difficult for most of the faithful!
Postcommunion (CO 3321 b)
Quote:Múnera tua nos, Deus, a delectatiónibus terrénis expédiant: et cæléstibus semper instáurent aliméntis.
May your gifts, O God, detach us from earthly pleasures and ever renew us with heavenly nourishment.
The Corpus orationum informs us that there is some limited variation in the use of this prayer: three manuscripts use it in the Proper/Common of Saints, with relevant textual additions. In the vast majority of manuscripts (forty-two), however, it is an Epiphanytide postcommunion, with thirty-five manuscripts using it on the 4th Sunday after Epiphany, as we find in the 1962 Missal.
But, like this Sunday’s collect, this postcommunion is nowhere to be found in the Novus Ordo. And, like the collect, it is highly likely it is the phrase a delectatiónibus terrénis expédiant that was deemed unsuitable for “modern man” and what Fr Carlo Braga called the “new perspective of human values”. [3] The only changes the Consilium was originally going to make to this postcommunion were two minor “restorations” to the text as it is given in the Gelasianum Vetus (n. 1267; cf. CO 3321 a): Múnera tua nos... was to become Mensa tua nos... and instáurent adjusted to instruat. Furthermore, it should be noted that all the prayers for the 4th Sunday after Epiphany were originally going to be kept intact as a set in the reformed Missal on the same Sunday: see Schema 186 (De Missali, 27), 19 September 1966, p. 18. [4]
Schema 186 (De Missali, 27), 19 September 1966, p. 18
So, this coming Sunday provides yet more material in the traditional Roman Rite – prayers used for at least 1,200 years in the Church – that was omitted from the post-Vatican II Missal because it was sifted through the ideological filter of the 1960s “experts” and considered “too difficult”. It is difficult to see this so-called “enrichment” of the Roman Missal as anything but an impoverishment in many respects. As Fr John Hunwicke has aptly put it:
Quote:[T]he motives controlling the selections [the Consilium] made, and their editorial alterations, have a consistent mens, videlicet, to enforce a levelling-down: [in the Novus Ordo] we end up with a liturgical culture squeezed everywhere into the straight-jacket of one decade. On the other hand, the Authentic Use, having evolved organically over two millennia, picking up like a glacier diverse materials from every age it passed through, contains within it so much more cultural diversity.
NOTES
[1] See, e.g., Lauren Pristas, “The Orations of the Vatican II Missal: Policies for Revision”, Communio 30 (Winter 2003), pp. 621-653, at p. 633 (quoting a 1971 essay by Dom Antoine Dumas): “In the liturgical renewal, from the beginning the revisers regarded concern for truth and simplicity to be particularly indispensable so that the texts and rites might be perfectly—or at the least much better—accommodated to the modern mentality to which it must give expression while neglecting nothing of the traditional treasury to which it remains the conduit.” Of course, more often than not, for the Consilium “accommodating the modern mentality” took priority over “neglecting nothing of the traditional treasury” of prayers, as the statistics show.
[2] See Schema 186 (De Missali, 27), 19 September 1966, pp. 1-2: Ergo, pro unoquoque textu, pluries in missali occurrente, perpaucis exceptis, usum antiquiorem retinuimus. Pro missis, quae exinde orationibus carent, novas selegimus. I QUAESITUM: Placetne Patribut ut, in missali romano recognito, textus orationum non repetatur? (“Therefore, for every text that frequently occurs in the Missal, its ancient use is to be retained, with very few execptions. For Masses which lack orations after this, new texts are to be selected. QUESTION 1: Does it please the Fathers that, in revising the Roman Missal, the text of orations not be repeated?”) It should be noted that this policy is a direct result of Coetus XVIII bis taking n. 51 of Sacrosanctum Concilium out of its original context, and applying it in a manner which was never envisaged by the Council Fathers: see my article “Continuity or Rupture, Again: An Example of the Consilium’s (Ab)use of the Constitution on the Liturgy”.
[3] See part four (of five) of my translation of Braga’s essay “Il «Proprium de Sanctis»”, Ephemerides Liturgicae 84.6 (1970), pp. 401-431 (at p. 419).
[4] For more on Schema 186, and an arrangement of it in parallel with the 1962 and 1970/2008 Missals, see my book The Proper of Time in the Post-Vatican II Liturgical Reforms (Lectionary Study Press, 2018) (Amazon USA, UK; PDF)
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Woman arrested for smashing statue of Our Lord in Fargo Cathedral |
Posted by: Stone - 01-28-2023, 08:47 AM - Forum: Anti-Catholic Violence
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Topless woman arrested for allegedly smashing 'very unique' Jesus Christ statue at North Dakota cathedral
Blaze | January 27, 2023
A topless woman is accused of smashing a statue of Jesus Christ at a cathedral in North Dakota. Church officials say the damage to the Jesus Christ statue could be very costly to repair.
Around 6:30 p.m. on Jan. 23, a woman allegedly walked into St. Mary’s Cathedral in downtown Fargo, North Dakota. Police were called about a topless woman who allegedly committed vandalism inside the church. The woman was shirtless, braless, and shoeless, according to court documents obtained by Valley News Live.
Fargo Police Department officers arrived at St. Mary’s Cathedral and reportedly spotted the topless woman fleeing the place of worship. Police officers tracked down the woman and detained her.
Reverend Riley Durkin provided security camera video to police. The security camera footage allegedly revealed that the topless woman knocked over a potted plant in the cathedral and ripped a Jesus Christ statue off the wall. The suspect allegedly smashed the Jesus statue on the floor and damaged it.
At the time of her arrest, police officers said Reynolds was unable to answer basic questions. Investigators noted that Reynolds appeared to be under the influence of narcotics.
Reynolds was arrested and taken to Cass County Jail.
According to jail records, Reynolds was charged with criminal mischief, driving under the influence, and providing false information to police officers.
Valley News Live reported, "A Cass County warrant was also put in place because Reynolds allegedly become assaultive toward Essentia Health Emergency Room staff."
Monseigneur Joseph Goering was unsure of how much it would cost to repair the Jesus statue, but he found a similar statue for the price of $11,500.
Paul Braun, the director of communications for the Diocese of Fargo, said the statue is "very unique" and old. Braun said it would likely be "difficult" to replace.
The Catholic News Agency reported, "The statue, called 'Christ in Death,' portrays Jesus’ corpse laying on a burial shroud with a crown of thorns laid alongside his lower legs."
The Jesus Christ statue was vandalized two years ago when someone painted it black.
Braun added, "In all these incidents, we hope that the people who are part of that and do these things get the help they need, and we pray for them."
Braun said St. Mary's Cathedral has a policy of welcoming visitors, "We don’t want this to be a closed cathedral, we want it to be open to all people at all times. We just hope that people show the reverence and respect that they should for a house of God."
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Vatican II Put Into a Code of Laws |
Posted by: Stone - 01-28-2023, 08:27 AM - Forum: Church Doctrine & Teaching
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Archbishop Lefebvre: “Another grave problem now undermining the Church is found in the new Canon Law. The new Canon Law is very serious for it goes much further than the Council itself.” (Conference in Germany, October 29, 1984)
Vatican II Put Into a Code of Laws
The New Code of Canon Law (1983)
by a Dominican Father of Avrillé - slightly adapted
(published in Le Sel de la terre 120, Spring 2022)
When error is once embodied in legal formulas and administrative practices, it penetrates the minds to depths from which it becomes as if impossible to extricate it. - Cardinal Pie, Pastoral Works, VI.
Preamble: Is Canon Law Amiable?
When a priest makes this cheerful comment to one of his confreres: “So you study Canon Law?” one can easily guess some ulterior motive which could be translated as follows: “What a turn of mind you have!” or again: “What courage!”
Is Canon Law really so boring? Is it so abstract, so cold, so unpleasant? We would like to prove here how lovable it is in itself, lovable especially because it introduces us, like theology, to the heart of the Church and to the Heart of Christ1.
It was of the traditional Code of Canon Law, that of 1917, that Father Coache spoke in these terms in the 1980s. But first of all, what is Law?
In French, Canon Law is translated “Droit canon”, and the French word Droit (in Latin Jus) comes from the Latin words dirigere and regere. In this case, it means a set of laws intended to direct us, to govern us. As for the word “canon“, it comes from a Greek word which means: rule.
We can now define Canon Law:
Canon Law is the body of laws proposed, established or approved by the supreme ecclesiastical authority, to direct Christians towards the end of religious society2.
A classic commentary adds the following clarification:
The subjects of ecclesiastical law are Christians, that is, all those who have received baptism, even if they are heretics, schismatics, excommunicated or even apostates.
As for the end of religious society, it is none other than the salvation of men, and, more immediately, the preservation of divine worship, of the purity of the faith and of honesty of morals among the Christian people in general3.
It is important to note the link between Canon Law and theology:
– it can be said to protect dogmatic theology, laying down rules to preserve the purity of the faith, in particular laws on teaching, prescriptions on professions of faith, censures against heresy and schism4;
– It supports moral theology as from the outside, for if moral theology orders human acts (interior and exterior) to personal eternal salvation, Canon Law has as its object the exterior acts of the baptized in their relation to the social good of the Church on this earth, to enable her to work for the salvation of souls and the reign of Our Lord over societies. Canon Law does not judge the internal forum of consciences, which is reserved for the confessional. Hence the adage: de internis Ecclesia non judicat.
The Code of Canon Law is therefore as important in the Church as dogma, morals, or the science of the Holy Scriptures. It shows the face of the Church and of Christ in their magnificent justice and their sweet mercy. It is the legislation of Christ and of His Bride, an expression of the Love of Our Lord and of His Church for their children. It is the Code of Canon Law that makes known to us the spirit of the Church. It is therefore lovable, and we must respect and love it5 .
Two Codes, Two Stories
The 1917 Code
The Sources of Traditional Canon Law
The Supreme Pontiff and the General Councils are the two immediate sources of Canon Law; and since the decrees of the General Councils have authority only through papal approval, it can be said that papal authority is the primary generative source of General Canon Law6 .
From the Apostles to the 12th century: the birth of ecclesiastical legislation
In the early days, the discipline of the Church was not regulated by written laws, but by an oral tradition which came from the Apostles and the first successors of Peter. Gradually, especially after the era of persecution, synods began to be held in which decrees or canons were issued, forming the first texts of ecclesiastical law. They were gathered in collections bearing the name of the Apostles (Didascalia7 of the Apostles, Constitutions of the Apostles, Canons of the Apostles, etc.) or of some great ecclesiastical figure (Octateuch of Clement, Canons of Hippolytus, etc.). These are compilations of local customs or conciliar decisions, but they do not go back further than the third century8 .
From the 4th century onwards, there are collections of different conciliar decisions classified by region and chronological order (Councils of Africa, Councils of Spain, etc.) and Decretals of popes.
The most famous canonical collection is the Decree of Gratian, published around 1145 in Bologna, which groups in a logical order and comments all the texts available at the time. John Gratian was an Italian Camaldolese monk and professor of Canon Law at the University of Bologna. His collection had the same notoriety and influence as the Sentences of Peter Lombard for theology.
From the 12th to 16th century: stabilization of the Law
After the Decree of Gratian, several ecumenical councils were held, and the great popes of the time, Alexander III (pope from 1159 to 1181) and Innocent III (pope from 1198 to 1216) in particular, had made a number of important decisions for the whole Church. The decrees of the Fourth Lateran Council (1216) provided the main basis for the Church’s legislation until the Council of Trent.
Gregory IX (pope from 1227 to 1241) commissioned his chaplain, the Dominican St. Raymond de Pennafort (1175-1275), to compile a collection of them. These were the Decretals of Gregory IX, published in 1234, the most important official canonical collection until the Code of 1917.
At the beginning of the 16th century, a Corpus Juris canonici was published, including the Decree of Gratian, the Decretals of Gregory IX and the documents of the following popes.
From the 16th to the 20th century: the crowning of the Law
The decrees of the Council of Trent (1545-1563) and the promulgation of new laws soon made the Corpus Juris canonici insufficient. Several popes tried to complete it, while new collections, due to private initiative, were created.
At the time when St. Pius X (pope from 1903 to 1914) ascended to the See of Peter, it was difficult to find one’s way through the ecclesiastical legislation.
[It was] an enormous mass of documents scattered in so many volumes and without any order, many of which were not real laws, but answers to particular cases, or had been abrogated by later laws or by custom9 .
[Moreover, many of these laws], because of the changes that had taken place, were of difficult application or of lesser use for the salvation of souls10 .
Already at the first Vatican Council, many bishops had made urgent requests for an updating of the ecclesiastical laws. Leo XIII had begun by codifying the legislation of the Index and of religious congregations with simple vows.
In 1904, St. Pius X judged that the codification of all Canon Law could be undertaken. By his Motu Proprio Arduum Sane Munus of 19 March, he set up a commission of cardinals, presided over by Cardinal Gasparri, working in conjunction with several consultors and bishops. Bishops and religious superiors were then invited to give their opinion. It was under Pope Benedict XV that the work was completed. The Code was promulgated on May 27, 1917, the day of Pentecost, by the Bull Providentissima Mater, declaring that it would have the force of law from May 19, 1918.
On September 15, 1917, by the letter Cum Juris canonici, Benedict XV had instituted a cardinal commission charged with the interpretation of the Code and with the drafting of additional canons that might become necessary in the future. Since then, there have been many new texts and provisions, for example, the change of discipline for the Eucharistic fast, or the permission for evening Masses. Pius XII alone, through his speeches and decrees, has greatly advanced the Law. The changes were published in the Acta Apostolicæ Sedis (Acts of the Holy See)11 .
The 1983 Code
An update of the Canon Law was therefore necessary.
In 1953, the Jesuit Father Regatillo published a 720-page work interpreting, completing or correcting – with official responses from Rome – a large number of canons.
It was John XXIII, on January 25, 1959, in the Basilica of St. Paul Outside the Walls, who simultaneously announced the holding of a Roman Synod, the celebration of an Ecumenical Council, and the reform of the Code of Canon Law.
But it was only on March 28, 1963, after the first session of Vatican II, that John XXIII established a “Commission for the Revision of the Code of Canon Law” composed of forty cardinals. At its first meeting, on 12 November 1963, the Commission decided to wait until the end of the Council before setting to work.
On April 17, 1964, Paul VI added to the Cardinal’s Commission a body of seventy consultors, among whom were almost all the secretaries of the Conciliar Commissions.
The work began a few days before the solemn closing of the Council, under the presidency of Cardinal Felici12 . In 1966, forty-eight bishops and one hundred and twenty-one consultors, priests, religious and laity, were added in order to involve the universal Church in this elaboration13 .
After ten years of work, the project was sent to all the bishops, to the superiors general of the religious orders, to the Catholic universities and pontifical ecclesiastical faculties for consultation. Thirty thousand suggestions were examined, and new cardinals, archbishops and bishops, priests and laity from the five parts of the world were added to the Commission. Everything was then presented to Pope John Paul II on 21 April 1982. The latter revised the whole with a group of ten experts (cardinals, bishops and priests).
The new Code was promulgated by Pope John Paul II on January 25, 1983, in the Apostolic Constitution Sacrae Disciplinae Leges, twenty-four years to the day after John XXIII had announced the reform. In it, the Pope noted the “collegial” character of the work that led to this new Code, as shown by the large number of people who had worked on it:
If we look at the kind of work that preceded the promulgation of the Code, and the way in which it was carried out, especially during the pontificates of Paul VI and John Paul Ist, and from then until today, it must be made absolutely clear that this work was carried out to the end in a marvellously collegial spirit14 . And this is true not only for the material drafting of this work, but also, and in depth, for the very substance of the laws that were drawn up.
Now this note of collegiality which characterizes and distinguishes the whole process of giving birth to this new Code corresponds perfectly to the magisterium and the character of the Second Vatican Council15.
Two Codes, Two Minds
It is interesting to see in what spirit Pope St. Pius X on the one hand, and Pope John Paul II on the other, have endeavored to bring together the ecclesiastical laws in a single Code.
The Intention of St. Pius X
Let us quote here a few lines from the Motu Proprio Arduum Sane Munus of St. Pius X, written only eight months after his election16 , which shows how much the pope considers this task a priority:
Quote:As soon as, by a secret council of divine Providence, We assumed the painful task of governing the universal Church, the main goal and the rule which We imposed on Ourselves, as it were, was, as far as Our strength would allow, to restore everything in Christ. […]
But knowing full well that ecclesiastical discipline, above all, must contribute to the restoration of everything in Christ – for if it is well regulated and flourishing, it cannot but be very fruitful in the fruits of salvation – We have directed Our attention and Our paternal solicitude to this area. […]
Many illustrious prelates of the Holy Church, even cardinals, have urged that the laws of the universal Church which have been promulgated up to this time be distributed in a clear and precise order, excluding those which have been abrogated or which have fallen into disuse. The others would, when necessary, be adapted to the needs of our time17.
The pope is clearly following in the footsteps of his predecessors, updating the laws of the Church in order to effectively implement his program of restoration of all things in Christ.
The Intention of John Paul II
In the Apostolic Constitution Sacrae Disciplinae Leges of January 25, 1983, Pope John Paul II explains the spirit in which he requested the publication of a new Code of Canon Law:
Quote:The reform of the Code of Canon Law was clearly desired and requested by the Council itself, for it had devoted the greatest attention to the Church. […]
This is why the Code, not only in its content but already from its inception, has put into action the spirit of the Council, whose documents present the Church, the “universal sacrament of salvation18“, as the People of God, and where its hierarchical constitution appears to be based on the College of Bishops united to its head. […]
This instrument, the Code, corresponds fully to the nature of the Church, especially as described by the magisterium of the Second Vatican Council in general, and in particular in its ecclesiological teaching. In a certain sense, one could even see in this Code a great effort to translate into canonical language this very doctrine of conciliar ecclesiology. If, however, it is not possible to translate perfectly into canonical language the conciliar image of the Church, the Code must nevertheless always be referred to this same image as its primordial exemplar, whose features, by its very nature, it must express as much as possible. […]
As a result, what constitutes the essential novelty of the Second Vatican Council, in continuity with the Church’s legislative tradition, especially with regard to ecclesiology, also constitutes the novelty of the new Code.
Among the elements that characterize the real and authentic image of the Church, we must highlight the following in particular:
– the doctrine according to which the Church presents herself as the People of God (cf. Constitution Lumen Gentium, 2) and hierarchical authority as service (cf. ibid, 3);
– the doctrine which shows the Church as a communion19 and which, therefore, indicates what kind of relationship should exist between the particular Churches and the universal Church, and between collegiality and primacy;
– the doctrine that all members of the People of God, each according to his or her own modality, participate in the threefold function of Christ: the priestly, prophetic and royal functions. Linked to this doctrine is that concerning the duties and rights of the faithful, and in particular the laity; and finally the Church’s commitment to ecumenism. […]
After all these reflections, it remains to hope that the new canonical legislation will become an effective means for the Church to progress in the spirit of Vatican II, and to make herself better adapted each day to fulfill her function of salvation in this world20.
The quote is a bit long, but it was difficult to shorten it.
Pope John Paul II makes it clear that the 1983 Code is a new Code in its conception of the Church as “People of God” and “communion”, and that it was promulgated to advance the Church in the spirit of Vatican II.
The Main Divisions of the Code
The different spirit of the two Codes is first evident in their design.
The 1917 Code
The 1917 Code is divided into five books, which in turn are divided into 107 titles (Tituli):
– Book I: General Norms: of ecclesiastical laws, customs, time calculation, rescripts, privileges, dispensations.
– Book II: Persons: clerics, religious, laity.
– Book III: Things: sacraments, sacred places and times, divine worship, ecclesiastical magisterium, ecclesiastical benefits, temporal goods of the Church.
– Book IV: Trials in justice, causes of beatifications and canonizations, the manner of proceeding in some cases and penal sanctions.
– Book V: Sanctions and Punishments.
The 1983 Code
The 1983 Code does not repeat this division:
Quote:It should be noted that the general organization of the new Code is symptomatic of the spirit in which it was composed. The division of legal matters has abandoned the general division of the 1917 Code, which was dependent on the ancient principles of Roman law. […]
Henceforth, the division of the titles of the new Code follows a distribution more in conformity with the directives of the Council and, in the titles themselves which have been adopted, reveals the spirit which animated this reform21.
– Book I: General Norms: ecclesiastical laws, custom, general decrees and instructions, particular administrative acts, statutes and regulations, natural and juridical persons, the power of government, ecclesiastical offices, prescription, calculation of time.
– Book II: The People of God: the faithful of Christ, the hierarchical constitution of the Church, institutes of consecrated life and societies of apostolic life.
– Book III: The Teaching Function of the Church: the ministry of the Word of God, the missionary activity of the Church, Catholic education, the means of social communication and in particular books, the profession of faith.
– Book IV: The Office of Sanctifying in the Church: the Sacraments, Other Acts of Divine Worship, Sacred Places and Times.
– Book V: The Temporal Goods of the Church.
– Book VI: Sanctions in the Church.
– Book VII: The Trials.
Outline of the 1983 Code
Since this article is not a treatise on Canon Law for specialists, we will not make an exhaustive study. The reader will, however, find sufficient elements to make a judgment on the new legislation.
Book I: General Norms (C. 1-203)
Like the 1917 Code, the 1983 Code begins by establishing “General Norms”. This is Book I, which establishes the main principles governing the constitution and interpretation of ecclesiastical laws.
Although the number of canons has increased from 86 to 203, and there have been some changes in titles and subject matter, there is no significant difference here, between the 1917 and 1983 legislation.
It should be noted, however, from this introduction, that the chapter on ecclesiastical offices, which was in the part dealing with clerics, has been transferred to the General Norms. Canon Paralieu gives the explanation:
Quote:Lay people, and even women, can now receive an ecclesiastical office (unless the office involves a full charge of the soul): a lay person can be a diocesan bursar, a woman can be a defender of the [marital] bond in an ecclesiastical Tribunal [Paralieu, p. 75]22.
With respect to these offices, the 1983 Code states:
To be appointed to an ecclesiastical office, one must be in the communion of the Church [can. 149 § 1].
In itself, this is obvious, but we will see what this notion of “communion” implies today, in connection with the new profession of faith.
Let us now go further into the new legislation.
Book II: The People of God (C. 204-746)
Book II of the new Code, with its 543 canons, is the most important by its length. It constitutes almost a third of the work. But it is especially important for its new conception of the Church.
– Part I: Christ’s faithful (C. 204-329)
1. Preamble (C. 204-207)
– The 1983 Code is based first of all on a new conception of the Church defined as “People of God”, which even gives its title to Book II:
C. 204, § 1: The faithful of Christ are those who, being incorporated into Christ by baptism, are constituted as the people of God and who, for this reason, having been made participants in their own way in the priestly, prophetic and kingly office of Christ, are called to exercise, each according to his own condition, the mission which God has entrusted to the Church for the accomplishment of this mission in the world.
It should be noted here that the 1983 Code ‑, again for the first time, ‑ uses the name “Christ’s faithful” to designate both the laity and the hierarchical clergy; an egalitarianism which is reinforced by the fact that the Code begins by enumerating the obligations and rights common to all, without distinction (Title I).
On the other hand, while the 1917 Code deals with persons according to a descending hierarchy (clerics, religious, laity), the 1983 Code reverses things by dealing first with the laity (Title II), before examining the legislation concerning clerics (Title III). As for religious, they are relegated to a place after the associations of the faithful (Title V23 ) and the part concerning the hierarchy of the Church.
Let us note paragraph 2 of the same canon with the famous “subsistit in”:
C. 204, § 2: This Church, constituted and organized in this world as a society, subsists in the Catholic Church governed by the Successor of Peter and the bishops in communion with him.
The expression is taken from the Vatican II Constitution Lumen Gentium on the Church (I, 8). Traditional teaching expressly states that the Church of Christ is the Catholic Church, which means very clearly that there is absolute identity between the Church founded by Our Lord and the Catholic Church. The other ecclesial communities, falsely qualified as Christian, do not belong to the Church of Christ, but have left it. The expression subsistit in introduces an ambiguity which allows us to maintain that outside the Catholic Church, there are true ecclesial realities24 .
Ecumenism has come.
– In his introduction to Canon Paralieu’s work presenting the new Code, Father de Lanversin explains the reason for the changes:
Book II of the new Code (De Populo Dei) is the one that puts in place the most new elements resulting from the conciliar decisions; and first of all a reversal of the ecclesiological perspectives following the Constitution Lumen Gentium on the Church. In fact, the binomial of the old Law: “hierarchy/people of God” gives way to this one: “people of God/hierarchy”; that is to say, the Church is presented as an evangelical community in which the hierarchy, willed by Christ, is not so much envisaged as a power (potestas) as an office (munus) and a service (diakonia) within the people of God. In the perspective of “ecclesial communion”, this part of the Code sets up the various instances of the “communio hierarchica” within the people of God. In the same way, an entire section of Book II is devoted to the establishment of “organs of participation” in the Church. […] This part of the Code also includes an entire treatise on the laity, without forgetting the right of association of the faithful [p. 24-25].
In his book Church, Ecumenism and Politics, Cardinal Ratzinger explains why this has happened. After recalling that German theologians began criticizing the concept of the Mystical Body in the 1930s25, he adds:
Quote:We wondered whether the image of the Mystical Body was not too narrow a starting point for defining the multiple forms of belonging to the Church that are now present in the complicated meanderings of human history. The image of the Body offers only one form of representation of membership, that of member. Either one is a member or one is not, there is no middle ground. But, one might ask, would not the starting point of this image be precisely a little too narrow, since there are obviously intermediate degrees in reality? The concept of the people of God was found, which from this point of view is much broader and more flexible. The Constitution Lumen Gentium makes it its own, in specifying this sense, when it describes the relationship of Catholic Christians with the Catholic Church by the concept of connection (conjunctio)26, and that of non-Christians by the concept of ordination (ordinatio)27. In both cases, the idea of the people of God is used.
It can be said that the concept of the People of God was introduced by the Council primarily as an ecumenical bridge28.
– What do we think of these changes?
This ecumenical notion of the “People of God”, which we shall see has no basis in either Sacred Scripture or the Magisterium, has no basis in history either.
In the Old Testament, God certainly began by forming a people from the twelve sons of Jacob exiled in Egypt, and it was later that he constituted a hierarchy around Moses to guide them. It is worth noting that this people had very precise boundaries, because of the circumcision that distinguished it from all the neighboring peoples. There was no room for “imperfect communion”. One belonged to the people or one did not.
But in the New Covenant, Our Lord began by forming for three years, not a people, but twelve Apostles, to whom he gave a leader, St. Peter; and from Pentecost onwards, it was these same Apostles, with St. Peter at their head, who constituted a people, through baptism, which distinguishes it from other peoples. Very quickly an intermediate hierarchy was established through the ordination of deacons, sub-deacons, etc.
The Magisterium has moreover clearly pronounced itself on this question. Thus, on June 29, 1943 – not so long ago – Pope Pius XII wrote the encyclical Mystici Corporis, on the Church Mystical Body of Jesus Christ.
This doctrine, which Cardinal Ratzinger considers to be “a starting point that is too limited, […] and a little too narrow”, Pius XII recalled that the Church nevertheless “received it from the lips of the Redeemer himself; and it puts in its true light this never sufficiently exalted benefit of our close union with this sublime Head”.
And the Pope continued with St. Paul:
“Christ,” says the Apostle, “is the head of the Body which is the Church” (Col 1:18). If the Church is a Body, it is therefore necessary that it be a single and indivisible organism, according to the words of St. Paul: “Though we are many, we are one Body in Christ” (Rom 12:5). […]
It is therefore a departure from divine truth to imagine a Church that cannot be touched, that is only spiritual, in which the many Christian communities, though divided from one another in faith, are nevertheless united by an invisible bond.
It is the notion of the body that allows us to better understand the need for a hierarchy:
The body, in nature, is not formed of any assemblage of members, but must be provided with organs, that is to say, with members which are not equally active and which are arranged in a suitable order.
It is again the notion of the body that gives the Church its missionary impetus:
Those who do not belong to the visible organism of the Church […] we invite to come out of a state in which no one can be sure of his eternal salvation. […] Let them, therefore, enter into Catholic unity and, united with us in the one organism of the Body of Jesus Christ, let them all run to the one Head in a most glorious society of love.
In fact, with the new conception of the Church as the people of God and a communion, not only has a democratic spirit undermined the authority of the Catholic hierarchy instituted by Our Lord, but the “ecumenical bridge” permitted by the new definition of the Church has opened the door to the end of the mission, the essential task which Christ had entrusted to his Apostles:
Go into all the world and preach the gospel to every creature. Whoever believes and is baptized will be saved; whoever does not believe will be condemned (Mk 16:15-16).
Archbishop Lefebvre considered this change in conception to be exceptionally serious:
Quote:There is a new ecclesiology, that’s clear. In my opinion, it is exceptionally serious to be able to say that there can be a new ecclesiology. We are not the ones who make the Church, we are not the ones who made her, not the Pope, not the bishops, not history, not the Councils. It was made by Our Lord. [It does not depend on us. So, how can we suddenly say: “Now, since Vatican II, there is a new ecclesiology”, and this is said by the Pope himself. It is unbelievable29.
(To be continued)
Translation by A. A.
1 – Abbé Louis Coache (1920-1994), Doctor of Canon Law, introduction to his book: Is Canon Law Kind? Beaumont-Pied-de-Bœuf (Moulin du Pin), 1986. The work is an introduction to Canon Law, augmented by a critical study of the new Code. It is a very easy read.
2 – Adrien Cance, Le Code de Droit Canonique, Paris, Gabalda, 1938, p. 8.
3 – Adrien Cance, ibid. , p. 9-10.
4 – Censure is a punishment that the Church inflicts on one of its subjects for his amendment, and of course for the common good. We will discuss this in connection with Book VI of the new Code.
5 – This preamble is inspired by the introduction to the work of Father Coache.
6 – A brief history of Canon Law can be found in the volume by Adrien Cance, Le Code de Droit canonique, Paris, Gabalda, 1938, vol. 1, pp. 6-21, which we have used. A more detailed study has been made by Raoul Naz in his Traité de Droit Canonique, Paris, Letouzey et Ané, 1946, vol. 1, pp. 9-63.
7 – This word comes from the Greek didaskalia which means: teaching.
8 – For a more in-depth study, one can consult here the articles of F. Nau in the DTC: “Canons of the Apostles, Apostolic Constitutions, Didascalia of the Apostles”.
9 – Cardinal Gasparri, in the preface to the 1917 Code.
10 – St. Pius X, Bull Arduum Sane munus, March 19, 1904.
11 – A very valuable work, Canon Law Digest, by the American Father Bouscaren S.J., gathers together all the pontifical documents relating to Canon Law, from 1917 to 1983 (published in Milwaukee, USA, by The Bruce publishing company.
12 – He died of a sudden heart attack just before presenting the final work to Pope John Paul II.
13 – By comparison, the drafting of the 1917 Code had required only ten cardinals under the chairmanship of Cardinal Gasparri, assisted by a small number of consultors. The work lasted thirteen years.
14 – Italics in the original text.
15 – John Paul II, Apostolic Constitution Sacræ Disciplinæ Leges, Latin-French Code of Canon Law, Paris, Centurion/Cerf/Tardy, 1984, p. x.
16 – St. Pius X was indeed elected pope on August 4, 1903.
17 – St. Pius X, Motu Proprio Arduum Sane Munus, March 19, 1904, Documents Pontificaux de S.S. Saint Pius X, Publications du Courrier de Rome, 1993, volume 1, p. 152-153.
18 – Vatican II, Dogmatic Constitution on the Church Lumen Gentium, 1, 9, 48.
19 – Italics in the original text.
20 – John Paul II, Apostolic Constitution Sacræ Disciplinæ Leges, 25 January 1983, reproduced in the work Code of Canon Law, Official Text and French Translation, Paris, Centurion/Cerf/Tardy, 1984, pp. IX ff.
21 – Roger Paralieu, Guide Pratique du Code de Droit canonique, Bourges, Tardy, 1985, p. 23. Preface by Cardinal Etchegaray.
22 – We will speak a little later about the influence of feminism in the Church today, in the section on institutes of consecrated life.
23 – Title IV is like a parenthesis which deals with personal prelatures, a novelty of Vatican II.
24 – On this expression Subsistit in, we can see, among others, the explanations of the Catholic Catechism of the Crisis in the Church, question 45 (in Le Sel de la terre 51, p. 19-20).
25 – So it was under Pope Pius XI. Modernism was acting in a subterranean way, waiting to show itself in the open during the Council.
26 – “The word “connection” means that there is some imperfect fellowship in Christ” (book note).
27 – “The word ordination means that there is some still more imperfect communion in the same God or about the same” (book note).
28 – Joseph Ratzinger, Église, Œcuménisme et Politique, Paris, Fayard, 1987, p. 27. To deepen this new conception of the Church, one can refer to the article by Brother Pierre-Marie o.p. “Comparative Ecclesiology”, published in Le Sel de la terre 97, Summer 2016.
29 – Archbishop Lefebvre, spiritual conference of March 17, 1986 in Ecône (in CD #2, The Holy Church).
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Benedict XVI explains why he abdicated in new Letter |
Posted by: Stone - 01-27-2023, 08:55 AM - Forum: The Architects of Vatican II
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POPE BENEDICT EXPLAINS WHY HE ABDICATED IN NEW LETTER
Catholic Conclave - emphasis mine | January 27, 2023
Shortly before his death, Pope Emeritus Benedict XVI described in a letter why he resigned.
In a letter that has now been published, the now deceased Pope Benedict XVI explained why he resigned in 2013. He had been "accompanied" by insomnia for years and had only been able to fulfil his duties with the help of strong medication.
Pope Benedict XVI resigned ten years ago, according to his own statement, because he could no longer sleep during almost his entire term in office. This is reported by Focus magazine, citing a letter to Benedict's biographer Peter Seewald, which is printed in the Focus issue to be published on Saturday. The letter, which Benedict sent to Seewald a few weeks before his death on 28 October 2022, literally states that the "central motive" for his resignation "was the insomnia that had accompanied me continuously since World Youth Day in Cologne".
The World Youth Day took place in August 2005, four months after Joseph Ratzinger's election as head of the Roman Catholic Church. In the beginning, his personal physician at the time had prescribed "strong remedies" for him, according to the letter written in German. These initially worked and guaranteed his "availability" as Pope. However, the medicines soon "reached their limits" and were "less and less able to ensure" his availability.
Finally, during his trip to Mexico and Cuba in March 2012, there was an incident. In the morning after the first night, he reached for his handkerchief as usual, according to Benedict in the letter. This was "totally soaked with blood". "I must have bumped into something in the bathroom and fallen." A surgeon had "thankfully" managed to treat the matter in such a way that the injuries were not visible.
After this accident, his new personal physician had urged a reduction in sleeping pills and insisted that he, Benedict, only be allowed to appear in public on mornings during future trips abroad. According to Benedict, it was clear to him that these medically justified restrictions "could only apply for a short time". Since the next big trip abroad, the World Youth Day in Rio de Janeiro, was to take place in July 2013 and he had known that he would no longer be able to "cope" with this date, he had planned his resignation so early that a "new Pope" would already be able to travel to Rio, Benedict writes.
Biographer Seewald wants to end speculation about resignation
In the letter to the German journalist and author Seewald, Benedict XVI emphasised that even now, after "sober and thoughtful reflection, time and again" he had come to the decision to resign. At that time, he was no longer able to exercise the office appropriately.
Seewald confirmed the authenticity of the letter to the Catholic News Agency on request and justified the publication with the fact that he wanted to put an end to speculations about the resignation. "Rumours about blackmail and pressure of whatever kind that had been exerted on him will not go away," said the Munich publicist. He therefore felt obliged to publish "the decisive detail entrusted to me from the Pope's medical history". He said the letter showed that the resignation was for health reasons, "exactly as he expressed it in his resignation statement".
Benedict XVI unexpectedly announced on 11 February 2013 that he would resign as Pope on 28 February 2013. He justified his decision at the time with his dwindling strength. He was no longer able to exercise the office "as a result of advancing age". His successor Francis, elected on 13 March 2013, flew to Rio for World Youth Day. Benedict XVI died at the age of 95 on New Year's Eve 2022.
Source
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Denmark Plans Mandatory Military Service For Women |
Posted by: Stone - 01-26-2023, 02:21 PM - Forum: Global News
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Denmark Plans Mandatory Military Service For Women As NATO Deepens Ukraine Support
ZH | JAN 26, 2023
At a moment the NATO alliance is broadly pushing for its members to bolster defense readiness and spending, Denmark is planning to introduce compulsory military conscription for women in order to greatly boost the size of national armed forces.
Jakob Ellemann-Jensen, Denmark's defense minister and deputy prime minister, announced his intent to introduce women's conscription in an interview with broadcaster TV2, with Bloomberg subsequently reporting on the comments.
He stressed that at current levels, the Danish defense forces cannot really defend Denmark, and so the nation needs to tap more manpower.
"If we are to be able to strengthen our defense, we must have a basis from which to strengthen it. In public and private companies, you can grab employees from other places, but you can't do that in the defense," Ellemann-Jensen said. "In the future, women must be called up for military service in the same way as men."
And responding to a question over whether conscription should apply equally to both sexes, he stressed that "the armed forces benefit from more women coming."
As Bloomberg points out, the discussion and planning for the significant change comes as Denmark and others have been deepening their unprecedented support to Ukraine. In December, the small northern European country donated 300 million Danish crowns, the equivalent of $42.8 million, in military aid to Ukraine, and last week gifted 19 French-made Caesar howitzer artillery systems.
"Currently, women can join on a voluntary basis while men generally are required to serve if they are called on under a lottery system, for a duration of four months for most," Bloomberg details of existing Danish military policies on women. Already the number of women recruits is on the rise.
"The new measure has the backing of several women’s organizations and comes as Denmark, like the rest of Europe, provides increasing levels of support to Ukraine in the war to oust Russia from the country," the report adds.
Neighboring Norway already has conscription for women, having become the first NATO member to implement it, and as of 2021 20% of its armed forces were composed of women.
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Pro-life priest found guilty on federal charges for blocking Planned Parenthood |
Posted by: Stone - 01-26-2023, 12:12 PM - Forum: Abortion
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Pro-life priest found guilty on federal charges for blocking Planned Parenthood gate to save babies
‘The justice of God will always prevail over the injustices of men,’ Father Fidelis Moscinski reacted.
Jan 25, 2023
LONG ISLAND, New York (LifeSiteNews) – Father Fidelis Moscinski faces up to six months in federal prison after Judge Steven L. Tiscione found him guilty on Monday of violating the Freedom of Access to Clinic Entrances Act (FACE).
Moscinski, a Franciscan Friar of the Renewal and Red Rose Rescuer, had locked the gate outside an abortion center and prevented cars from passing through it on July 7, 2022.
He will be sentenced on April 24.
The pro-life priest and repeat Red Rose Rescuer conducted this “lock and block” rescue on his own at a Planned Parenthood in Hempstead, New York.
Red Rose Rescues are a form of pro-life activism in which volunteers typically enter the waiting room of abortion businesses and offer the women inside roses and information about alternatives to abortion. The act is a final attempt to save unborn babies from being killed, and rescuers accept that they may be arrested and face legal punishment. They offer these consequences in solidarity with the children who die from abortions.
During the trial, more than 200 pieces of evidence in the form of videos, photos, surveillance, and phone records were presented against Moscinski. Among these was a video interview from EWTN’s Pro-Life Weekly show in which the priest discussed details of the rescue in question.
According to Red Rose Rescuer Will Goodman, who was present at the trial, Moscinski’s attorneys argued “the absurdity of these federal charges” being issued after local authorities had only charged the priest with an ordinance violation immediately following the incident.
“However, the pro-abortion Biden administration with Attorney General Merrick Garland chose to aggressively over-prosecute Fr. Fidelis in a most prejudicial way because of his beliefs that preborn human life is sacred,” wrote Goodman.
After considering the evidence, the judge ruled that Moscinski was guilty of violating the FACE Act. The judge said he sided with the government because “all of the elements of the crime were proven.” By this, Goodman explained, he meant that “Fr. Fidelis interfered or intended to interfere (with the murder of babies); the Planned Parenthood is a ‘reproductive health facility’ (which kills babies); and the fact of interference or intention to interfere with (killing babies) was proven beyond reasonable doubt.”
“To practice justice is to give to each one what is his due,” Moscinski said in a statement issued after the trial. “What is due to the preborn children who are in imminent danger of a violent and painful death from abortion? In justice, these children deserve our wholehearted love, protection, and sacrifices. They deserve to be rescued.”
Moscinski continued, “Today’s unjust verdict will not stop rescues from happening. The justice of God will always prevail over the injustices of men.”
“When Father Fidelis chained the gate shut on the Planned Parenthood abortion center, he performed an act completely appropriate in response to the impending extermination of innocent human persons,” Monica Migliorino Miller, director of Citizens for a Pro-Life Society, told LifeSiteNews in a statement. “A true, glorious non-violent act of love and defense against the killing of the unborn. Father also sought to reach out to the women coming to the abortion center.”
Miller added that “the only reason he is convicted of the unjust FACE law is because in New York the unborn count for nothing as Father was denied a ‘defense of others.’ We can hope that Father’s heroic action will inspire others to rescue the unborn. We must be their voice.”
READ: Biden press secretary on persecution of pro-lifers: ‘Just not something I’m going to comment on’
During the July 7, 2022 “lock and block,” Moscinski put six locks and chains on the front gates of the abortion center, as previously reported by LifeSiteNews.
The entrance to the facility was temporarily blocked while police removed the locks. Moscinski proceeded to lay on the ground in the center’s driveway, going limp as he was arrested and allowing himself to be carried away by officers.
Immediately following the incident, the priest was released from jail and charged with disorderly conduct for “obstructing vehicular traffic.”
However, in September, Moscinski was arrested by the FBI and the charges were increased to potential violations of the FACE Act. This escalation took place amid an apparent rise in federal law enforcement targeting pro-lifers. The Department of Justice has charged 26 pro-lifers so far this year for overwhelmingly peaceful protest.
In October, pro-life father of 11 Paul Vaughn was arrested by the federal agency for “conspiracy against rights secured by the FACE Act, and committing FACE Act violations.”
One week before Moscinski was charged, LifeSiteNews broke the story of how the FBI raided the home of pro-life author and sidewalk counselor Mark Houck, arresting him with rifles drawn in front of his terrified children. Houck faces two felony charges of FACE Act violations and began his trial this week.
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Archbishop Viganò: Homily on the Feast of the Conversion of Saint Paul |
Posted by: Stone - 01-26-2023, 11:24 AM - Forum: Archbishop Viganò
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Archbishop Viganò: Homily on the Feast of the Conversion of Saint Paul
26 January 2023 Posted by Marco Tosatti [computer translated]
THIS IS THE VESSEL OF CHOICE FOR ME
Homilía del arzobispo Carlo Maria Viganò on the feast of the conversion of Saint Paul the Apostle
Eminent Doctor Paul, instruct the manners
And draw our breasts with you into heaven;
Veiled while faith sees the afternoon,
And love alone reigns like the sun
Pablo, distinguished doctor, teaches the laws
and drag our spirits to Heaven with you,
Until the evening Faith sees noon
and Charity reigns alone Charity in the likeness of the sun.
The conversion of Saint Paul was a conquest of Saint Stephen, and it is no coincidence that the divine liturgy has placed this feast a few days from that of the Protomartyr, whose martyrdom was witnessed by the Jew Saul, faithful to the Ancient Law and loyal executor of the will. of the high priests; perhaps he himself contributed to the martyrdom, believing he was acting in accordance with the principles that all orthodox Jews must observe. Father Guéranger comments: «It was appropriate that, to complete the court of our great King, next to the manger the two powerful columns of the Church should rise, the Apostle of the Jews and the Apostle of the Gentiles; Peter with his keys and Paul with his sword. This is how Saul, an observant Hebrew and persecutor of Christians, became Paul, and conquered the pagans to the Gospel».
Today, the power of Christ descends on his enemy, and his mercy later lifts him up to make him a champion of the Faith and companion of the Prince of the Apostles, together with whom he will shed his blood in the City: O Roma felix, quæ duorum Principum It is consecrata glorious sanguine , as we sing in the hymn Decora lux. Blessed Rome, consecrated by the glorious blood of two princes! Blood that is glorious because from it, when shed for love of Christ, instead of death comes life; instead of defeat, victory; and instead of the ignominy of torture the glory of the palm of martyrdom.
When the shepherds obeyed God and did not allow themselves to be seduced by the deceptions of this world, between the festivities of the Chair of Saint Peter in Rome and that of the Conversion of Saint Paul, an octave of prayers was celebrated for the conversion of those who did not are Catholics: the schismatics, the heretics and the pagans. The new church, following in the footsteps of the Council, has reneged on its mission and tries to hide what differentiates us from sects and idolaters, emphasizing what –according to them– unites us. Those days of prayer became the Week for Christian unity, putting the objectives of a senseless ecumenism before the supernatural mission of preaching the true Faith. I urge you to pray for the priests and prelates who persecute good Catholics, and for those who, like Saul, believe that they comply with the precepts of the Law while they are in error. Let us ask the Lord to manifest himself to them and convert them, as the Apostle of the Gentiles was converted.
Let us not be surprised by this parallel; the veil of the Temple, which was torn from top to bottom at the moment when the Savior expired on the Cross, put an end to the Old Covenant. The Church of Christ thus became the new Israel and the baptized the new chosen people. This new and eternal alliance, sealed with the Blood of the Lamb of which the sacrifices in the Temple were a figure, welcomed many children of the Synagogue, enlightened by messianic prophecies and confirmed by the miracles of the Lord. There were among them many who, like Saul, obeyed the Law until they were reached by Grace that made them see that the Scriptures were fulfilled in Jesus Christ. And while the blindness of perfidy did not allow them to perceive the Light that came into the world and rejected it; while the Sanhedrin conspired with Pilate for fear of losing his power, and he hid from the simple the truth that the rolls of Isaiah and other holy prophets guarded; while Saul tried in all the synagogues to force Christians to blaspheme (Acts 26,11), that is, to deny the divinity of Christ and his coming as the promised Messiah, the great miracle of conversion was being prepared: instantaneous, immediate, withering like everything that has to do with God.
Sometimes the path of conversion is long and arduous, full of difficulties and falls; but the conversion itself with the strength and power of which the Lord is capable when he touches us with the light of Truth and the fire of Charity. "Who are you, Lord?" Saul asks, fallen from his horse. «I am Jesus, whom you persecute» (Hch.9,5). In the dazzling light in which the voice of Christ resounds, one of the most feared inquisitors of the Temple recognizes the miracle, realizes who its divine Artificer is, addresses Him calling Him Lord and obeys the order to go to Damascus. He remains dazzled and blind for three days, and during those three days he assists in mystical preparation for the epiphany of Christ.
With another miracle, Ananias is asked to go and heal Saul of Tarsus, and he is stupefied, because this Jew has authorization "from the high priests to seize all who call on his name" (Acts 9:14). The Lord answers him: "Go, because a chosen instrument is for me that same one, in order to carry my name before nations and kings and children of Israel, because I will show him how much he will have to suffer for my name" (ibid., 15-16). So he goes to see Saul, lays his hands on him and heals him, causing the veil of blindness to come off his eyes, a figure of the darkening of the sight of the soul. Overflowing with the Holy Spirit, Saul "was baptized" (ibid., 18) with the name of Paul.
Today there is also a Sanhedrin of supporters of the Council who send their ministers in the synagogues to persecute traditionalist Catholics, punish them and force them to observe the reformed rites. Also today there are jealous and terrible sauls who go after the faithful to force them to blaspheme, to deny the teachings of Christ and obey the high priests and the scribes of the people. Many of them believe that they are good and respect the Law. But the power of God, which turns and throws the proud to the ground, wants to touch his soul as it touched Saul's. I invite you, dear faithful, to pray for them. So that the Lord manifests his power by dismantling his granite certainties, blinding his pride and having mercy with them to lift them up, restore their spiritual sight.
We pray that the prelates and priests who today obey the Sanhedrin of Rome, who does not want to recognize Christ the King and pay homage to Caesar, be enlightened by the Grace of the Lord. Let them return to the synagogues like Saint Paul to proclaim Jesus the Son of God (ibid., 22), to preach that the Sacrifice of the New and Eternal Covenant is renewed on the altar of those whom they persecute to this day. That it can also be said of this monsignor, of that bishop, of that cardinal: «Is not this the one who destroyed in Jerusalem those who invoke this name, and had come here with the purpose of leading them bound before the high priests? » (ibid., 21).
If we know how to bear witness of faith in the Lord and fidelity to the Holy Sacrifice of the Mass, which is the beating heart and soul of our most holy religion, we will be able to do with those souls reached by the Grace of God what the disciples did in Damascus: speak to them about Christ, help them to be with us to "build themselves up walking in the fear of the Lord" (ibid., 31). Who knows if such a prelate who has come to force them to accept the reformed rites will want to celebrate the Traditional Mass, discovering to what extent the divine liturgy confirms and nourishes his priesthood, seeing the extent to which his Levite soul finds its full fulfillment by repeat the words of the Savior who immolated himself on the altar, in the same way that he once did on the Cross. Perhaps that bishop who came with bellicose intentions realizes that he persecutes Christ, and wants to become his apostle and disciple after being persecuted by order of the Sanhedrin.
Then you will understand, as we have understood by the Grace of God and despite our unworthiness, how much you will have to suffer for the name of the Lord.
Such is our most sincere wish, our prayer, the reason for our testimony.
So be it.
January 25, 2023
On the Conversion of Saint Paul the Apostle
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The Periti of Vatican II: A New Research Project |
Posted by: Stone - 01-26-2023, 11:11 AM - Forum: Vatican II and the Fruits of Modernism
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The Periti of Vatican II: A New Research Project by Sharon Kabel
NLM [slightly adapted] | January 26, 2023
The indefatigable Sharon Kabel, whose superb research work we have shared several times, has just announced an important new project, documenting the careers of the theological experts, or “periti”, as they were generally known, who advised the bishops at Vatican II: https://sharonkabel.com/periti-of-vatican-ii/ A spreadsheet with all the information she has gathered so far, with more than thirty datapoints, is available from her website here: https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1...edit#gid=0. Please note that this is an open-source project, and people are encouraged to contribute any further information they may have via this submission form: https://sharonkabel.com/#contact. We are very glad to share Mrs Kabel’s summary and introduction to the project, and to congratulate her for her extraordinarily diligent and useful work - feliciter!
We know (or at least debate) a great deal about the Second Vatican Council, but how much do we really know about who was there? Apart from the Council Fathers, the press, and the observers were the conciliar periti, priests who had expertise in a particular area, appointed to assist the Council and its commissions. These men ran the gamut of theological, pastoral, academic, political, and media experience and influence. During the Council, they assisted and advised, but they also edited, debated, and in some cases, were the leading authors of the Council documents. Some would even become bishops during the Council, and at the stroke of a pen becoming voting members of the Council they had just advised.
After (even during) the Council, the periti gave themselves the weighty responsibility of explaining, interpreting, and implementing the Council to the press, to the Church, to the world, to their home dioceses, even to other periti and Council Fathers. Many became bishops and cardinals after the Council; one became pope.
And yet they remain largely unknown. While the names of some will sound familiar, such as Joseph Ratzinger, Edward Schillebeeckx, OP, or Hans Kung, there is no complete open access list of periti. There have been some studies on the national, such as the Americans and the Belgians, but nothing systematic. These men of influence, learning, and (one hopes) holiness are, as a group, a mystery to us.
The Periti of Vatican II is a new project cataloging information about them; for the first time, you can browse a list not only of 479 Conciliar periti, but of several dozen private periti.
As an example of how unexpectedly time-consuming it was simply to retype the Vatican’s list and to check the first names, here are three:
Jose Moss Tapajos’ name order is wrong, Placid Podipara’s religious and non-Western name has been transmuted (the Latinized abbreviation of his religious order causing even more mayhem), and John Courtney Murray is missing a Ioannes entirely.
I have added over 30 data points to each name, to both verify their identities, and to make this sheet a robust research tool. I also have a Zotero library with references about the periti, and by the periti - including articles, books, and archival finding aids. The list is here, my reference library is here, and you can read more about the project here. The spreadsheet and reference library are freely available to download.
Since I started the project in summer 2022, three periti have passed away: Bill Hunt (left priesthood, married), Donald Dietz, OMI, and of course, Pope Benedict XVI. To my knowledge, the only living conciliar peritus is Archbishop John Stephens Cummins.
Overwhelmingly, the periti occupied roles related to media and education/formation: radio stations, newspapers, journals, magazines, publishing houses, books, television shows, universities, schools, seminaries, etc. The infamous and hugely popular press panel at Vatican II was run largely by periti. Many wrote columns about their experiences and opinions while the Council was still going on. These men, then, were involved not only in the inception, writing, and revising of the Council documents; they also made themselves the emissaries of the Council to the world, interpreting everything to other Council members, to the press, and to ordinary Catholics back home. We need look no further than Father Edward Schillebeeckx’s relationship with the media to see how incredibly messy all of this could get.
After the Council, many became bishops and Cardinals. One wonders if their influence at all stages of the Council, and their relationship with media, is one answer to the perpetual debate and frustration in trying to figure out what the Council really, or “really”, said, did, and meant.
There are so many interesting research rabbit holes to pursue, such as:
● Piero Marini, perhaps the youngest (private) peritus at 20, ordained a priest only a few months before the Council closed.
● John L. Swain, SJ, who has the interesting distinction of being the only person to go from Council Father (session III) to peritus (session IV)
● Thomas F. Devine, who has a golf tournament named after him
● Andrea Spada, who edited the only newspaper the pope read cover to cover
● Fabian Flynn, known around the world and confessor to Nuremberg Nazis
● Manuel Bonet y Muixi, survivor of the Spanish Civil War, now forgotten, but once a colleague of Annibale Bugnini and key drafter of Sacrosanctum Concilium
● Basil Frison, CMF, amateur composer whose cassette tapes were found and digitized in the early aughts and sent to WFMU’s 365 Days music project
● Georges Marie Martin Cottier, OP, anti-Lefebvre; theologian of the papal household
● Placid (Max) Jordan, OSB, radio pioneer, later-in-life convert, and columnist on the Council
● Reginald Garrigou-Lagrange, OP, and his influence (positive and negative) on fellow periti Fenton and Chenu
● Herman Mizzi, OCD, the Maltese with the most interesting obituary, but no other records…
There are some conciliar periti whose identity I could not verify, and I am sure there are more private periti out there. I hope that other readers and researchers will be able to help me solve some of those mysteries!
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Deadly machete attack at two churches in Spain 'possible terrorist incident' |
Posted by: Stone - 01-26-2023, 08:18 AM - Forum: Anti-Catholic Violence
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Deadly machete attack at two churches in Spain 'possible terrorist incident'
France 24 | January 26, 2023
Video: https://gloria.tv/post/CX4ncanZ6mJC4xgdvLB63Qy9X
Spanish authorities said they were investigating what they called a possible "terrorist" incident after a machete-wielding man attacked several people at two churches in the southern port city of Algeciras, killing at least one person.
The man attacked clergymen at two different churches - San Isidro and Nuestra Senora de La Palma, around 300 metres (1,000 feet) apart - just after 8pm on Wednesday evening in downtown Algeciras, a spokesperson for the city said. A source at Madrid's High Court said the incident was being investigated as terrorism.
Police said the attacker had been arrested, and a police source shared footage showing two officers escorting a man in a hooded sports top in handcuffs through a police station. Police have not released details of his name or nationality. Local media, including El Pais newspaper, said he was a 25-year-old Moroccan.
The man who was killed was Diego Valencia, a sacristan at the Nuestra Senora de La Palma church, while the titular priest of the parish church of San Isidro, Antonio Rodriguez, was among the injured and is in serious condition, the Algeciras city spokesperson said.
An unknown number of others were also injured. El Mundo newspaper reported that four people were hurt in the attack.
Police said the suspect first entered the San Isidro church and attacked Rodriguez. A statement by the Algeciras Salesians said Rodriguez, 74, had been celebrating Eucharist when he was attacked.
The assailant then went into the Nuestra Senora de La Palma church where he damaged property before attacking Valencia, who fled the church but was chased by the suspect, who inflicted further, fatal injuries on him outside, police said in a statement.
The parish priest at Nuestra Senora de La Palma, Juan Jose Marina, told broadcaster SER the suspect went straight for Valencia after the mass had finished, suggesting he might have believed Valencia was the priest.
"Possibly, this death was meant for me and it found him instead," said a tearful Marina.
Spanish Prime Minister Pedro Sanchez expressed his condolences to the victims of the "terrible attack" on his Twitter account, while the secretary general of Spain's Episcopal Conference, Francisco Garcia, spoke of his "great pain" on hearing the news.
"These are sad times of suffering, we are united by the pain of the victims' families and for the Cadiz Diocese," he said on Twitter.
Jose Ignacio Landaluce, the mayor of Algeciras, has declared a day of mourning in the city for Thursday and a rally outside Nuestra Senora de La Palma church at midday.
Earlier on Wednesday, two people were killed and several others injured when a 33-year-old stateless Palestinian man attacked them with a knife on a regional train travelling between Kiel and Hamburg in northern Germany, authorities said.
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Project Veritas: Pfizer Exec explains how Pfizer is mutating Covid to preempt future vaccines |
Posted by: Stone - 01-26-2023, 08:01 AM - Forum: General Commentary
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Pfizer Executive: ‘Mutate’ COVID via ‘Directed Evolution’ for Company to Continue Profiting Off of Vaccines …
‘COVID is Going to be a Cash Cow for Us’ … ‘That is Not What We Say to the Public’ … ‘People Won’t Like That’ … ‘Don’t Tell Anyone’
Project Veritas | January 25, 2023
- Jordon Trishton Walker, Pfizer Director of Research and Development, Strategic Operations - mRNA Scientific Planner: “One of the things we're exploring is like, why don't we just mutate it [COVID] ourselves so we could create -- preemptively develop new vaccines, right? So, we have to do that. If we're gonna do that though, there's a risk of like, as you could imagine -- no one wants to be having a pharma company mutating f**king viruses.”
- Walker: “Don’t tell anyone. Promise you won’t tell anyone. The way it [the experiment] would work is that we put the virus in monkeys, and we successively cause them to keep infecting each other, and we collect serial samples from them.”
- Walker: “You have to be very controlled to make sure that this virus [COVID] that you mutate doesn’t create something that just goes everywhere. Which, I suspect, is the way that the virus started in Wuhan, to be honest. It makes no sense that this virus popped out of nowhere. It’s bullsh*t.”
- Walker: “From what I’ve heard is they [Pfizer scientists] are optimizing it [COVID mutation process], but they’re going slow because everyone is very cautious -- obviously they don’t want to accelerate it too much. I think they are also just trying to do it as an exploratory thing because you obviously don’t want to advertise that you are figuring out future mutations.”
[NEW YORK – Jan. 25, 2023] Project Veritas released a new video today exposing a Pfizer executive, Jordon Trishton Walker, who claims that his company is exploring a way to “mutate” COVID via “Directed Evolution” to preempt the development of future vaccines.
Video: https://rumble.com/v2754pg-project-veritas-exposes-pfizer-exec-discussing-mutating-covid-19-virus-for-.html
Walker says that Directed Evolution is different than Gain-of-Function, which is defined as “a mutation that confers new or enhanced activity on a protein.” In other words, it means that a virus such as COVID can become more potent depending on the mutation / scientific experiment performed on it.
The Pfizer executive told a Veritas journalist about his company’s plan for COVID vaccines, while acknowledging that people would not like this information if it went public.
“One of the things we [Pfizer] are exploring is like, why don't we just mutate it [COVID] ourselves so we could create -- preemptively develop new vaccines, right? So, we have to do that. If we're gonna do that though, there's a risk of like, as you could imagine -- no one wants to be having a pharma company mutating f**king viruses,” Walker said.
“From what I’ve heard is they [Pfizer scientists] are optimizing it [COVID mutation process], but they’re going slow because everyone is very cautious -- obviously they don’t want to accelerate it too much. I think they are also just trying to do it as an exploratory thing because you obviously don’t want to advertise that you are figuring out future mutations,” he said.
“Don’t tell anyone. Promise you won’t tell anyone. The way it [the experiment] would work is that we put the virus in monkeys, and we successively cause them to keep infecting each other, and we collect serial samples from them.”
Walker drew parallels between this current Pfizer project and what may have happened at the Wuhan Institute of Virology in China.
“You have to be very controlled to make sure that this virus [COVID] that you mutate doesn’t create something that just goes everywhere. Which, I suspect, is the way that the virus started in Wuhan, to be honest. It makes no sense that this virus popped out of nowhere. It’s bullsh*t,” he said.
“You’re not supposed to do Gain-of-Function research with viruses. Regularly not. We can do these selected structure mutations to make them more potent. There is research ongoing about that. I don’t know how that is going to work. There better not be any more outbreaks because Jesus Christ,” he said.
Walker also told the Veritas journalist that COVID has been instrumental for Pfizer’s recent business success:
Quote:Walker: Part of what they [Pfizer scientists] want to do is, to some extent, to try to figure out, you know, how there are all these new strains and variants that just pop up. So, it’s like trying to catch them before they pop up and we can develop a vaccine prophylactically, like, for new variants. So, that’s why they like, do it controlled in a lab, where they say this is a new epitope, and so if it comes out later on in the public, we already have a vaccine working.
Veritas Journalist:Oh my God. That’s perfect. Isn’t that the best business model though? Just control nature before nature even happens itself? Right?
Walker: Yeah. If it works.
Veritas Journalist: What do you mean if it works?
Walker: Because some of the times there are mutations that pop up that we are not prepared for. Like with Delta and Omicron. And things like that. Who knows? Either way, it’s going to be a cash cow. COVID is going to be a cash cow for us for a while going forward. Like obviously.
Veritas Journalist: Well, I think the whole research of the viruses and mutating it, like, would be the ultimate cash cow.
Walker: Yeah, it’d be perfect.
Walker went on to explain how Big Pharma and government officials, such as at the Food & Drug Administration [FDA], have mutual interests, and how that is not in the best interest of the American people:
Quote:Walker: [Big Pharma] is a revolving door for all government officials.
Veritas Journalist: Wow.
Walker: In any industry though. So, in the pharma industry, all the people who review our drugs -- eventually most of them will come work for pharma companies. And in the military, defense government officials eventually work for defense companies afterwards.
…
Veritas Journalist: How do you feel about that revolving door?
Walker: It’s pretty good for the industry to be honest. It’s bad for everybody else in America.
Veritas Journalist: Why is it bad for everybody else?
Walker: Because when the regulators reviewing our drugs know that once they stop regulating, they are going to work for the company, they are not going to be as hard towards the company that’s going to give them a job.
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Did the German foreign minister just essentially declared war on Russia? |
Posted by: Stone - 01-25-2023, 03:18 PM - Forum: Global News
- No Replies
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German Foreign Minister Just Said The Quiet Part Out Loud On Ukraine
ZH | JAN 25, 2023
German Foreign Minister Annalena Baerbock bluntly stated in fresh remarks that Western allies are fighting a war against Russia. The remarks came during a debate at the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe (PACE) on Tuesday amid discussions over sending Leopard 2 tanks to Ukraine.
While Baerbock's words were largely ignored in mainstream media, a number of pundits on social media noted with alarm that the German foreign minister just essentially declared war on Russia.
Ironically other German officials have long sought to emphasize their country is not a party to the conflict, fearing uncontrollable escalation.
Contradicting this official stance, Baerbock said the quiet part out loud, and introduced the comments with: "And therefore I’ve said already in the last days – yes, we have to do more to defend Ukraine. Yes, we have to do more also on tanks."
And that's when she asserted: "But the most important and the crucial part is that we do it together and that we do not do the blame game in Europe, because we are fighting a war against Russia and not against each other.”
Interestingly, both Chancellor Olaf Scholz and his former defense minister who recently resigned, Christine Lambrecht, have been seen as weak on arming Ukraine - repeatedly declaring an unwillingness to get pulled deeper into the proxy war aspect to the conflict. But now it seems the more hawkish Baerbock is willing to at this point be much more open with the reality of what's happening.
Russian Foreign Ministry spokeswoman Maria Zakharova seized on the comments, saying this is yet more proof that the Western allies were planning a war on Russia all along...
"If we add this to Merkel’s revelations that they were strengthening Ukraine and did not count on the Minsk agreements, then we are talking about a war against Russia that was planned in advance. Don’t say later that we didn’t warn you," Zakharova said.
One thing is for sure, things are moving fast...
[twitter]https://twitter.com/AleksDjuricic/status/1618093143458746371[twitter]
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