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The 'Virtuous' War on Beef |
Posted by: Marcel - 04-28-2021, 08:17 AM - Forum: General Commentary
- Replies (1)
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Epicurious Grilled Over Latest Announcement About Beef[/font]
Apr 27, 2021
There used to be things society could cling to that were nonpolitical, like sports and food. But now, the culture wars have left no stone unturned. The past year we’ve seen a number
of foods cave to the cultural Marxists—changing their name and branding to be more racially sensitive. But now we’re seeing major changes over environmental concerns.
On Monday, the popular food and recipe website Epicurious.com announced it would no longer publish beef recipes to "encourage more sustainable cooking."
"Some people might assume that this decision signals some sort of vendetta against cows—or the people who eat them," the company’s statement read. "But this decision was not made because we hate hamburgers (we don’t!). Instead, our shift is solely about sustainability, about not giving airtime to one of the world’s worst climate offenders. We think of this decision as not anti-beef but rather pro-planet."
For any person—or publication—wanting to envision a more sustainable way to cook, cutting out beef is a worthwhile first step. Almost 15 percent of greenhouse gas emissions globally come from livestock (and everything involved in raising it); 61 percent of those emissions can be traced back to beef. Cows are 20 times less efficient to raise than beans and roughly three times less efficient than poultry and pork. It might not feel like much, but cutting out just a single ingredient—beef—can have an outsize impact on making a person’s cooking more environmentally friendly.
Today Epicurious announces that we’ve done just that: We’ve cut out beef. Beef won’t appear in new Epicurious recipes, articles, or newsletters. It will not show up on our homepage. It will be absent from our Instagram feed. (Epicurious)
While the change was announced Monday, Epicurious said it actually stopped using beef more than a year ago and claimed the beef replacement recipes have proven popular.
Last year when grilling season came around, for example, Epicurious set its "fires on cauliflower and mushrooms, not steaks and hot dogs."
While the editors said Epicurious doesn't have an agenda, they admitted to hoping "the rest of American food media joins us too."
Restaurateur Angie Mar blasted the move as "short-sighted" and "idiotic," according to Insider.
"Not using your platform to educate people on sustainable farming versus industrial farming, the impact that we have on small, local, farming communities, and the chefs that support them and the ecosystem that those small farms are a part of... (this is) a disservice to consumers who are looking to you for guidance," Mar replied to Epicurious's announcement on Instagram.
Many others criticized the company's decision as well.
It's a shift about virtue signaling.
— Geoffrey Miller (@primalpoly) April 26, 2021
If you're really concerned about animal welfare, you'd stop publishing recipes that include chicken (which imposes far more sentient suffering per pound of meat than beef does).
If you're really concerned about climate change, you'd support nuclear power.https://t.co/vuFNpwaL8A
— Geoffrey Miller (@primalpoly) April 26, 2021
Goodbye @epicurious. It was fun learning to cook with you when I was a young bride. Unfortunately, I don’t like to mix cooking with my politics. By the way, if you’re really serious about saving the planet, don’t start with cows, start with #China, the world’s worst polluters. https://t.co/tPYV3QKK5x
— Rachel Campos-Duffy (@RCamposDuffy) April 27, 2021
Shut up https://t.co/U9HRoVtQZ3
— Kurt Schlichter (@KurtSchlichter) April 27, 2021
Nice business plan Epicurious. Appeal to 3 percent of the population. Genius. https://t.co/PkIyWgrLKa
— Carmine Sabia (@CarmineSabia) April 27, 2021
I had your veal chop recipe out for tonight. I was excited; they're always great. Now I'll be using The NYT's recipe, & won't be coming to you for any advice on how to prepare great food until you regain your senses. So woke I'm switching to the TIMES. Seriously think about that. https://t.co/zCdlnXo2JQ
— Christopher Bedford (@CBedfordDC) April 27, 2021
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Over 500 German priests vow to defy Church’s ban on same-sex couples |
Posted by: Stone - 04-28-2021, 07:09 AM - Forum: Vatican II and the Fruits of Modernism
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Over 500 German priests vow to defy Church’s ban on same-sex couples
A much-hyped blessing service for same-sex couples in Germany at more than 50 parishes is being planned for May 10.
Monument of Martin Luther in Wittenberg, Germany
April 27, 2021 (LifeSiteNews) – Hundreds of priests in Germany have vowed to defy the Vatican’s ban on same-sex blessings. A much-hyped blessing service for same-sex couples titled “Love wins, blessing service for lovers” is planned for May 10 with more than 50 Catholic parishes so far signing up to offer such a blessing.
Last month, openly homosexual German priest Bernd Mönkebüscher created a Facebook post to protest the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith’s March 15 declaration that the Church cannot bless same-sex relationships since “God does not and cannot bless sin.”
The Congregation stated that it is “not licit to impart a blessing on relationships, or partnerships, even stable, that involve sexual activity outside of marriage (i.e., outside the indissoluble union of a man and a woman open in itself to the transmission of life), as is the case of the unions between persons of the same sex.”
Mönkebüscher called the Congregation’s teaching “outdated” in his declaration of protest created with the help of Burkhard Hose.
“In view of the refusal of the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith to bless homosexual partnerships, we raise our voice and say: We will continue to accompany people who commit to a lasting partnership and bless their relationship,” the declaration of protest states.
“We do not refuse to celebrate a blessing. We do this in our responsibility as pastors who promise people at important moments in their lives the blessing that God alone gives. We respect and appreciate their love and, moreover, believe that God's blessing is with them. Theological arguments and insights have been sufficiently exchanged. We do not accept that an exclusionary and outdated sexual morality is carried out on the backs of people and undermines our work in pastoral care,” the declaration added.
Mönkebüscher told LifeSiteNews that his declaration has received the support of more than 2,500 individuals, 551 of whom are priests. The declaration has already been sent to the head of the German Bishops' Conference, Bishop Georg Bätzing.
It is expected that many of the priests who supported the declaration of protest will be giving blessings to same-sex couples on May 10.
Bishop Franz-Josef Overbeck of Essen, who has called for the Church to reassess homosexuality, has stated that priests in his diocese who bless same-sex couples next month will face no canonical consequence.
Spanish Bishop José Ignacio Munilla Aguirre of San Sebastián reacted to news of the blessing event in Germany with a call to Catholics around the world to pray for the Church in Germany so that it be faithful to the Magisterium and not to fall into schism.
“I invite you to join a chain of prayer and fasting for the unity of the Church in Germany and throughout the world. Lord, grant us communion in fidelity to the Magisterium of the Church,” he tweeted April 14.
Cardinal Raymond Burke commented last month that defiance to the Church’s teaching against same-sex blessings shows that an “aggressive homosexual agenda” is dominating those who have been elevated as shepherds.
“The blowback is simply an expression of a worldliness, a mundanity, which has entered into the Church by which the aggressive homosexual agenda is now dominating even in certain ecclesial circles and even among certain bishops,” Cardinal Burke, who is the former head of the Vatican's highest court and one of the world’s foremost canon lawyers, told EWTN’s Raymond Arroyo in a March 25 interview.
Burke went on to say that shepherds who openly defy the decree should voluntarily “renounce” their office.
“The bishop, if he's pained by what's declared by the Congregation of the Doctrine of the Faith, then he must examine himself with regard to his own coherence with the Catholic faith. And if he is not holding to the Catholic faith, then he should renounce his office. He has to be relieved of his office as diocesan bishop, because this is simply unacceptable. It can’t be,” Burke said.
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The Secret of Mary by St. Louis Marie de Montfort |
Posted by: Stone - 04-28-2021, 06:53 AM - Forum: Resources Online
- No Replies
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The Secret of Mary
by Saint Louis Marie de Montfort
Introduction
1. Here is a secret, chosen soul, which the most High God taught me and which I have not found in any book, ancient or modern. Inspired by the Holy Spirit, I am confiding it to you, with these conditions:
(1) That you share it only with people who deserve to know it because they are prayerful, give alms to the poor, do penance, suffer persecution, are unworldly, and work seriously for the salvation of souls.
(2) That you use this secret to become holy and worthy of heaven, for the more you make use of it the more benefit you will derive from it. Under no circumstances must you let this secret make you idle and inactive. It would then become harmful and lead to your ruin.
(3) That you thank God every day of your life for the grace he has given you in letting you into a secret that you do not deserve to know.
As you go on using this secret in the ordinary actions of your life, you will come to understand its value and its excellent quality. At the beginning, however, your understanding of it will be clouded because of the seriousness and number of your sins, and your unconscious love of self.
2. Before you read any further, in an understandable impatience to learn this truth, kneel down and say devoutly the Ave Maris Stella ("Hail, thou star of ocean"), and the "Come, Holy Spirit", to ask God to help you understand and appreciate this secret given by him. As I have not much time for writing and you have little time for reading, I will be brief in what I have to say.
1. Necessity of Having a True Devotion to Mary
A. The Grace of God Is Absolutely Necessary
3. Chosen soul, living image of God and redeemed by the precious blood of Jesus Christ, God wants you to become holy like him in this life, and glorious like him in the next .
It is certain that growth in the holiness of God is your vocation. All your thoughts, words, actions, everything you suffer or undertake must lead you towards that end. Otherwise you are resisting God in not doing the work for which he created you and for which he is even now keeping you in being. What a marvellous transformation is possible! Dust into light, uncleanness into purity, sinfulness into holiness, creature into Creator, man into God! A marvellous work, I repeat, so difficult in itself, and even impossible for a mere creature to bring about, for only God can accomplish it by giving his grace abundantly and in an extraordinary manner. The very creation of the universe is not as great an achievement as this.
4. Chosen soul, how will you bring this about? What steps will you take to reach the high level to which God is calling you? The means of holiness and salvation are known to everybody, since they are found in the gospel; the masters of the spiritual life have explained them; the saints have practised them and shown how essential they are for those who wish to be saved and attain perfection. These means are: sincere humility, unceasing prayer, complete self-denial, abandonment to divine Providence, and obedience to the will of God.
5. The grace and help of God are absolutely necessary for us to practise all these, but we are sure that grace will be given to all, though not in the same measure. I say "not in the same measure", because God does not give his graces in equal measure to everyone , although in his infinite goodness he always gives sufficient grace to each. A person who corresponds to great graces performs great works, and one who corresponds to lesser graces performs lesser works. The value and high standard of our actions corresponds to the value and perfection of the grace given by God and responded to by the faithful soul. No one can contest these principles.
B. To Find The Grace Of God, We Must Discover Mary
6. It all comes to this, then. We must discover a simple means to obtain from God the grace needed to become holy. It is precisely this I wish to teach you. My contention is that you must first discover Mary if you would obtain this grace from God.
7. Let me explain:
(1) Mary alone found grace with God for herself and for every individual person . No patriarch or prophet or any other holy person of the Old Law could manage to find this grace.
8. (2) It was Mary who gave existence and life to the author of all grace, and because of this she is called the "Mother of Grace".
9. (3) God the Father, from whom, as from its essential source, every perfect gift and every grace come down to us , gave her every grace when he gave her his Son. Thus, as St Bernard says, the will of God is manifested to her in Jesus and with Jesus.
10. (4) God chose her to be the treasurer, the administrator and the dispenser of all his graces, so that all his graces and gifts pass through her hands. Such is the power that she has received from him that, according to St Bernardine, she gives the graces of the eternal Father, the virtues of Jesus Christ, and the gifts of the Holy Spirit to whom she wills, as and when she wills, and as much as she wills.
11. (5) As in the natural life a child must have a father and a mother, so in the supernatural life of grace a true child of the Church must have God for his Father and Mary for his mother. If he prides himself on having God for his Father but does not give to Mary the tender affection of a true child, he is an impostor and his father is the devil.
12. (6) Since Mary produced the head of the elect, Jesus Christ, she must also produce the members of that head, that is, all true Christians. A mother does not conceive a head without members, nor members without a head. If anyone, then, wishes to become a member of Jesus Christ, and consequently be filled with grace and truth , he must be formed in Mary through the grace of Jesus Christ, which she possesses with a fullness enabling her to communicate it abundantly to true members of Jesus Christ, her true children.
13. (7) The Holy Spirit espoused Mary and produced his greatest work, the incarnate Word, in her, by her and through her. He has never disowned her and so he continues to produce every day, in a mysterious but very real manner, the souls of the elect in her and through her.
14. (8) Mary received from God a unique dominion over souls enabling her to nourish them and make them more and more godlike. St Augustine went so far as to say that even in this world all the elect are enclosed in the womb of Mary, and that their real birthday is when this good mother brings them forth to eternal life. Consequently, just as an infant draws all its nourishment from its mother, who gives according to its needs, so the elect draw their spiritual nourishment and all their strength from Mary.
15. (9) It was to Mary that God the Father said, "Dwell in Jacob", that is, dwell in my elect who are typified by Jacob. It was to Mary that God the Son said, "My dear Mother, your inheritance is in Israel", that is, in the elect. It was to Mary that the Holy Spirit said,"Place your roots in my elect". Whoever, then, is of the chosen and predestinate will have the Blessed Virgin living within him, and he will let her plant in his very soul the roots of every virtue, but especially deep humility and ardent charity.
16. (10) Mary is called by St Augustine, and is indeed, the "living mould of God" . In her alone the God-man was formed in his human nature without losing any feature of the Godhead. In her alone, by the grace of Jesus Christ, man is made godlike as far as human nature is capable of it.
A sculptor can make a statue or a life-like model in two ways: (i) By using his skill, strength, experience and good tools to produce a statue out of hard, shapeless matter; (ii) By making a cast of it in a mould. The first way is long and involved and open to all sorts of accidents. It only needs a faulty stroke of the chisel or hammer to ruin the whole work. The second is quick, easy, straightforward, almost effortless and inexpensive, but the mould must be perfect and true to life and the material must be easy to handle and offer no resistance.
17. Mary is the great mould of God, fashioned by the Holy Spirit to give human nature to a Man who is God by the hypostatic union, and to fashion through grace men who are like to God. No godly feature is missing from this mould. Everyone who casts himself into it and allows himself to be moulded will acquire every feature of Jesus Christ, true God, with little pain or effort, as befits his weak human condition. He will take on a faithful likeness to Jesus with no possibility of distortion, for the devil has never had and never will have any access to Mary, the holy and immaculate Virgin, in whom there is not the least suspicion of a stain of sin.
18. Dear friend, what a difference there is between a soul brought up in the ordinary way to resemble Jesus Christ by people who, like sculptors, rely on their own skill and industry, and a soul thoroughly tractable, entirely detached, most ready to be moulded in her by the working of the Holy Spirit. What blemishes and defects, what shadows and distortions, what natural and human imperfections are found in the first soul, and what a faithful and divine likeness to Jesus is found in the second!
19. There is not and there will never be, either in God's creation or in his mind, a creature in whom he is so honoured as in the most Blessed Virgin Mary, not excepting even the saints, the cherubim or the highest seraphim in heaven.
Mary is God's garden of Paradise, his own unspeakable world, into which his Son entered to do wonderful things, to tend it and to take his delight in it. He created a world for the wayfarer, that is, the one we are living in. He created a second world - Paradise - for the Blessed. He created a third for himself, which he named Mary. She is a world unknown to most mortals here on earth. Even the angels and saints in heaven find her incomprehensible, and are lost in admiration of a God who is so exalted and so far above them, so distant from them, and so enclosed in Mary, his chosen world, that they exclaim: "Holy, holy, holy" unceasingly.
20. Happy, indeed sublimely happy, is the person to whom the Holy Spirit reveals the secret of Mary, thus imparting to him true knowledge of her. Happy the person to whom the Holy Spirit opens this enclosed garden for him to enter, and to whom the Holy Spirit gives access to this sealed fountain where he can draw water and drink deep draughts of the living waters of grace. That person will find only grace and no creature in the most lovable Virgin Mary. But he will find that the infinitely holy and exalted God is at the same time infinitely solicitous for him and understands his weaknesses. Since God is everywhere, he can be found everywhere, even in hell. But there is no place where God can be more present to his creature and more sympathetic to human weakness than in Mary. It was indeed for this very purpose that he came down from heaven. Everywhere else he is the Bread of the strong and the Bread of angels, but living in Mary he is the Bread of children.
21. Let us not imagine, then, as some misguided teachers do, that Mary being simply a creature would be a hindrance to union with the Creator. Far from it, for it is no longer Mary who lives but Jesus Christ himself, God alone, who lives in her. Her transformation into God far surpasses that experienced by St Paul and other saints, more than heaven surpasses the earth.
Mary was created only for God, and it is unthinkable that she should reserve even one soul for herself. On the contrary she leads every soul to God and to union with him. Mary is the wonderful echo of God. The more a person joins himself to her, the more effectively she unites him to God. When we say "Mary", she re-echoes "God".
When, like Saint Elizabeth, we call her blessed, she gives the honour to God. If those misguided ones who were so sadly led astray by the devil, even in their prayer-life, had known how to discover Mary, and Jesus through her, and God through Jesus,they would not have had such terrible falls. The saints tell us that when we have once found Mary, and through Mary Jesus, and through Jesus God the Father, then we have discovered every good. When we say "every good", we except nothing. "Every good" includes every grace, continuous friendship with God, every protection against the enemies of God, possession of truth to counter every falsehood, endless benefits and unfailing headway against the hazards we meet on the way to salvation, and finally every consolation and joy amid the bitter afflictions of life.
22. This does not mean that one who has discovered Mary through a genuine devotion is exempt from crosses and sufferings. Far from it! One is tried even more than others, because Mary, as Mother of the living, gives to all her children splinters of the tree of life, which is the Cross of Jesus. But while meting out crosses to them she gives the grace to bear them with patience, and even with joy. In this way, the crosses she sends to those who trust themselves to her are rather like sweetmeats, i.e. "sweetened" crosses rather than "bitter" ones. If from time to time they do taste the bitterness of the chalice from which we must drink to become proven friends of God, the consolation and joy which their Mother sends in the wake of their sorrows creates in them a strong desire to carry even heavier and still more bitter crosses.
C. A True Devotion to the Blessed Virgin Is Indispensable
23. The difficulty, then, is how to arrive at the true knowledge of the most holy Virgin and so find grace in abundance through her. God, as the absolute Master, can give directly what he ordinarily dispenses only through Mary, and it would be rash to deny that he sometimes does so. However, St Thomas assures us that, following the order established by his divine Wisdom, God ordinarily imparts his graces to men through Mary. Therefore, if we wish to go to him, seeking union with him, we must use the same means which he used in coming down from heaven to assume our human nature and to impart his graces to us. That means was a complete dependence on Mary his Mother, which is true devotion to her.
2. What Perfect Devotion To Mary Consists In
A. Some True Devotions to the Blessed Virgin Mary
24. There are indeed several true devotions to our Lady. I do not intend treating of those which are false.
25. The first consists in fulfilling the duties of our Christian state, avoiding all mortal sin, performing our actions for God more through love than through fear, praying to our Lady occasionally, and honouring her as the Mother of God, but without our devotion to her being exceptional.
26. The second consists in entertaining for our Lady deeper feelings of esteem and love, of confidence and veneration. This devotion inspires us to join the confraternities of the Holy Rosary and the Scapular, to say the five or fifteen decades of the Rosary, to venerate our Lady's pictures and shrines, to make her known to others, and to enrol in her sodalities. This devotion, in keeping us from sin, is good, holy and praiseworthy, but it is not as perfect as the third, nor as effective in detaching us from creatures, or in practising that self-denial necessary for union with Jesus Christ.
27. The third devotion to our Lady is one which is unknown to many and practised by very few. This is the one I am about to present to you.
B. The Perfect Practice of Devotion to Mary
1. What it consists in
28. Chosen soul, this devotion consists in surrendering oneself in the manner of a slave to Mary, and to Jesus through her, and then performing all our actions with Mary, in Mary, through Mary, and for Mary.
Let me explain this statement further.
29. We should choose a special feast-day on which to give ourselves. Then, willingly and lovingly and under no constraint, we consecrate and sacrifice to her unreservedly our body and soul. We give to her our material possessions, such as house, family, income, and even the inner possessions of our soul, namely, our merits, graces, virtues and atonements.
Notice that in this devotion we sacrifice to Jesus through Mary all that is most dear to us, that is, the right to dispose of ourselves, of the value of our prayers and alms, of our acts of self-denial and atonements. This is a sacrifice which no religious order would require of its members. We leave everything to the free disposal of our Lady, for her to use as she wills for the greater glory of God, of which she alone is perfectly aware.
30. We leave to her the right to dispose of all the satisfactory and prayer value of our good deeds, so that, after having done so and without going so far as making a vow, we cease to be master over any good we do. Our Lady may use our good deeds either to bring relief or deliverance to a soul in purgatory, or perhaps to bring a change of heart to a poor sinner.
31. By this devotion we place our merits in the hands of our Lady, but only that she may preserve, increase and embellish them, since merit for increase of grace and glory cannot be handed over to any other person. But we give to her all our prayers and good works, inasmuch as they have intercessory and atonement value, for her to distribute and apply to whom she pleases. If, after having thus consecrated ourselves to our Lady, we wish to help a soul in purgatory, rescue a sinner, or assist a friend by a prayer, an alms, an act of self-denial or an act of self-sacrifice, we must humbly request it of our Lady, abiding always by her decision, which of course remains unknown to us. We can be fully convinced that the value of our actions, being dispensed by that same hand which God himself uses to distribute his gifts and graces to us, cannot fail to be applied for his greatest glory.
32. I have said that this devotion consists in adopting the status of a slave with regard to Mary. We must remember that there are three kinds of slavery.
There is, first, a slavery based on nature. All men, good and bad alike, are slaves of God in this sense.
The second is a slavery of compulsion. The devils and the damned are slaves of God in this second sense.
The third is a slavery of love and free choice. This is the kind chosen by one who consecrates himself to God through Mary, and this is the most perfect way for us human beings to give ourselves to God, our Creator.
33. Note that there is a vast difference between a servant and a slave. A servant claims wages for his services, but a slave can claim no reward. A servant is free to leave his employer when he likes and serves him only for a time, but a slave belongs to his master for life and has no right to leave him. A servant does not give his employer a right of life and death over him, but a slave is so totally committed that his master can put him to death without fearing any action by the law.
It is easy to see, then, that no dependence is so absolute as that of a person who is a slave by compulsion. Strictly speaking, no man should be dependent to this extent on anyone except his Creator. We therefore do not find this kind of slavery among Christians, but only among Muslims and pagans.
34. But happy, very happy indeed, will the generous person be who, prompted by love, consecrates himself entirely to Jesus through Mary as their slave, after having shaken off by baptism the tyrannical slavery of the devil.
2. The excellence of this practice of devotion
35. I would need much more enlightenment from heaven to describe adequately the surpassing merit of this devotional practice. I shall limit myself to these few remarks:
1. In giving ourselves to Jesus through Mary's hands, we imitate God the Father, who gave us his only Son through Mary, and who imparts his graces to us only through Mary. Likewise we imitate God the Son, who by giving us his example for us to follow, inspires us to go to him using the same means he used in coming to us, that is, through Mary. Again, we imitate the Holy Spirit, who bestows his graces and gifts upon us through Mary. "Is it not fitting," remarks St Bernard, "that grace should return to its author by the same channel that conveyed it to us?"
36. 2. In going to Jesus through Mary, we are really paying honour to our Lord, for we are showing that, because of our sins, we are unworthy to approach his infinite holiness directly on our own. We are showing that we need Mary, his holy Mother, to be our advocate and mediatrix with him who is our Mediator. We are going to Jesus as Mediator and Brother, and at the same time humbling ourselves before him who is our God and our Judge. In short, we are practising humility, something which always gladdens the heart of God.
37. 3. Consecrating ourselves in this way to Jesus through Mary implies placing our good deeds in Mary's hands. Now, although these deeds may appear good to us, they are often defective, and not worthy to be considered and accepted by God, before whom even the stars lack brightness.
Let us pray, then, to our dear Mother and Queen that having accepted our poor present, she may purify it, sanctify it, beautify it, and so make it worthy of God. Any good our soul could produce is of less value to God our Father, in winning his friendship and favour, than a worm-eaten apple would be in the sight of a king, when presented by a poor peasant to his royal master as payment for the rent of his farm. But what would the peasant do if he were wise and if he enjoyed the esteem of the queen? Would he not present his apple first to her, and would she not, out of kindness to the poor man and out of respect for the king, remove from the apple all that was maggoty and spoilt, place it on a golden dish, and surround it with flowers? Could the king then refuse the apple? Would he not accept it most willingly from the hands of his queen who showed such loving concern for that poor man? "If you wish to present something to God, no matter how small it may be," says St Bernard, "place it in the hands of Mary to ensure its certain acceptance."
38. Dear God, how everything we do comes to so very little! But let us adopt this devotion and place everything in Mary's hands. When we have given her all we possibly can, emptying ourselves completely to do her honour, she far surpasses our generosity and gives us very much for very little. She enriches us with her own merits and virtues. She places our gift on the golden dish of her charity and clothes us, as Rebecca clothed Jacob, in the beautiful garments of her first- born and only Son, Jesus Christ, which are his merits, and which are at her disposal. Thus, as her servants and slaves, stripping ourselves of everything to do her honour, we are clad by her in double garments - namely, the garments, adornments, perfumes, merits and virtues of Jesus and Mary. These are imparted to the soul of the slave who has emptied himself and is resolved to remain in that state.
39. 4. Giving ourselves in this way to our Lady is a practice of charity towards our neighbour of the highest possible degree, because in making ourselves over to Mary, we give her all that we hold most dear and we let her dispose of it as she wishes in favour of the living and the dead.
40. 5. In adopting this devotion, we put our graces, merits and virtues into safe keeping by making Mary the depositary of them. It is as if we said to her,"See, my dear Mother, here is the good that I have done through the grace of your dear Son. I am not capable of keeping it, because of my weakness and inconstancy, and also because so many wicked enemies are assailing me day and night. Alas, every day we see cedars of Lebanon fall into the mire, and eagles which had soared towards the sun become birds of darkness, a thousand of the just falling to the left and ten thousand to the right. But, most powerful Queen, hold me fast lest I fall. Keep a guard on all my possessions lest I be robbed of them. I entrust all I have to you, for I know well who you are, and that is why I confide myself entirely to you. You are faithful to God and man, and you will not suffer anything I entrust to you to perish. You are powerful, and nothing can harm you or rob you of anything you hold."
"When you follow Mary you will not go astray; when you pray to her, you will not despair; when your mind is on her, you will not wander; when she holds you up, you will not fall; when she protects you, you will have no fear; when she guides you, you will feel no fatigue; when she is on your side, you will arrive safely home" (Saint Bernard). And again, "She keeps her Son from striking us; she prevents the devil from harming us; she preserves virtue in us; she prevents our merits from being lost and our graces from receding." These words of St Bernard explain in substance all that I have said. Had I but this one motive to impel me to choose this devotion, namely, that of keeping me in the grace of God and increasing that grace in me, my heart would burn with longing for it.
41. This devotion makes the soul truly free by imbuing it with the liberty of the children of God. Since we lower ourselves willingly to a state of slavery out of love for Mary, our dear Mother, she out of gratitude opens wide our hearts enabling us to walk with giant strides in the way of God's commandments. She delivers our souls from weariness, sadness and scruples. It was this devotion that our Lord taught to Mother Agnes de Langeac, a religious who died in the odour of sanctity, as a sure way of being freed from the severe suffering and confusion of mind which afflicted her. "Make yourself," she said, "my Mother's slave and wear her little chain." She did so, and from that time onwards her troubles ceased.
42. To prove that this devotion is authoritatively sanctioned, we need only recall the bulls of the popes and the pastoral letters of bishops recommending it, as well as the indulgences accorded to it, the confraternities founded to promote it, and the examples of many saints and illustrious people who have practised it. But I do not see any necessity to record them here.
3. The interior constituents of this consecration and its spirit
43. I have already said that this devotion consists in performing all our actions with Mary, in Mary, through Mary, and for Mary.
44. It is not enough to give ourselves just once as a slave to Jesus through Mary; nor is it enough to renew that consecration once a month or once a week. That alone would make it just a passing devotion and would not raise the soul to the level of holiness which it is capable of reaching. It is easy to enrol in a confraternity; easy to undertake this devotion, and say every day the few vocal prayers prescribed. The chief difficulty is to enter into its spirit, which requires an interior dependence on Mary, and effectively becoming her slave and the slave of Jesus through her. I have met many people who with admirable zeal have set about practising exteriorly this holy slavery of Jesus and Mary, but I have met only a few who have caught its interior spirit, and fewer still who have persevered in it.
Act with Mary
45. 1. The essential practice of this devotion is to perform all our actions with Mary. This means that we must take her as the accomplished model for all we have to do.
46. Before undertaking anything, we must forget self and abandon our own views. We must consider ourselves as a mere nothing before God, as being personally incapable of doing anything supernaturally worthwhile or anything conducive to our salvation. We must have habitual recourse to our Lady, becoming one with her and adopting her intentions, even though they are unknown to us. Through Mary we must adopt the intentions of Jesus. In other words, we must become an instrument in Mary's hands for her to act in us and do with us what she pleases, for the greater glory of her Son; and through Jesus for the greater glory of the Father. In this way , we pursue our interior life and make spiritual progress only in dependence on Mary.
Act in Mary
47. 2. We must always act in Mary, that is to say, we must gradually acquire the habit of recollecting ourselves interiorly and so form within us an idea or a spiritual image of Mary. She must become, as it were, an Oratory for the soul where we offer up our prayers to God without fear of being ignored. She will be as a Tower of David for us where we can seek safety from all our enemies. She will be a burning lamp lighting up our inmost soul and inflaming us with love for God. She will be a sacred place of repose where we can contemplate God in her company. Finally Mary will be the only means we will use in going to God, and she will become our intercessor for everything we need. When we pray we will pray in Mary. When we receive Jesus in Holy Communion we will place him in Mary for him to take his delight in her. If we do anything at all, it will be in Mary, and in this way Mary will help us to forget self everywhere and in all things.
Act through Mary
48. 3. We must never go to our Lord except through Mary, using her intercession and good standing with him. We must never be without her when praying to Jesus.
Act for Mary
49. 4. We must perform all our actions for Mary, which means that as slaves of this noble Queen we will work only for her, promoting her interests and her high renown, and making this the first aim in all our acts, while the glory of God will always be our final end. In everything we must renounce self- love because more often than not, without our being aware of it, selfishness sets itself up as the end of all we work for. We should often repeat from the depths of our heart: "Dear Mother, it is to please you that I go here or there, that I do this or that, that I suffer this pain or this injury."
50. Beware, chosen soul, of thinking that it is more perfect to direct your work and intention straight to Jesus or straight to God. Without Mary, your work and your intention will be of little value. But if you go to God through Mary, your work will become Mary's work, and consequently will be most noble and most worthy of God.
51. Again, beware of doing violence to yourself, endeavouring to experience pleasure in your prayers and good deeds. Pray and act always with something of that pure faith which Mary showed when on earth, and which she will share with you as time goes on. Poor little slave, let your sovereign Queen enjoy the clear sight of God, the raptures, delights, satisfactions and riches of heaven. Content yourself with a pure faith, which is accompanied by repugnance, distractions, weariness and dryness. Let your prayer be: "To whatever Mary my Queen does in heaven, I say Amen, so be it." We cannot do better than this for the time being.
52. Should you not savour immediately the sweet presence of the Blessed Virgin within you, take great care not to torment yourself. For this is a grace not given to everyone, and even when God in his great mercy favours a soul with this grace, it remains none the less very easy to lose it, except when the soul has become permanently aware of it through the habit of recollection. But should this misfortune happen to you, go back calmly to your sovereign Queen and make amends to her.
4. The effects that this devotion produces in a faithful soul
53 Experience will teach you much more about this devotion than I can tell you, but, if you remain faithful to the little I have taught you, you will acquire a great richness of grace that will surprise you and fill you with delight.
54. Let us set to work, then, dear soul, through perseverance in the living of this devotion, in order that Mary's soul may glorify the Lord in us and her spirit be within us to rejoice in God her Saviour. Let us not think that there was more glory and happiness in dwelling in Abraham's bosom - which is another name for Paradise - than in dwelling in the bosom of Mary where God has set up his throne. (Abbot Guerric)
55. This devotion faithfully practised produces countless happy effects in the soul. The most important of them is that it establishes, even here on earth, Mary's life in the soul, so that it is no longer the soul that lives, but Mary who lives in it. In a manner of speaking, Mary's soul becomes identified with the soul of her servant. Indeed when by an unspeakable but real grace Mary most holy becomes Queen of a soul, she works untold wonders in it. She is a great wonder- worker especially in the interior of souls. She works there in secret, unsuspected by the soul, as knowledge of it might destroy the beauty of her work.
56. As Mary is everywhere the fruitful Virgin, she produces in the depths of the soul where she dwells a purity of heart and body, a singleness of intention and purpose, and a fruitfulness in good works. Do not think, dear soul, that Mary, the most faithful of all God's creatures, who went as far as to give birth to a God-man, remains idle in a docile soul. She causes Jesus to live continuously in that soul and that soul to live in continuous union with Jesus. If Jesus is equally the fruit of Mary for each individual soul as for all souls in general, he is even more especially her fruit and her masterpiece in the soul where she is present.
57. To sum up, Mary becomes all things for the soul that wishes to serve Jesus Christ. She enlightens his mind with her pure faith. She deepens his heart with her humility. She enlarges and inflames his heart with her charity, makes it pure with her purity, makes it noble and great through her motherly care. But why dwell any longer on this? Experience alone will teach us the wonders wrought by Mary in the soul, wonders so great that the wise and the proud, and even a great number of devout people find it hard to credit them.
58. As it was through Mary that God came into the world the first time in a state of self-abasement and privation, may we not say that it will be again through Mary that he will come the second time? For does not the whole Church expect him to come and reign over all the earth and to judge the living and the dead? No one knows how and when this will come to pass, but we do know that God, whose thoughts are further from ours than heaven is from earth, will come at a time and in a manner least expected, even by the most scholarly of men and those most versed in Holy Scripture, which gives no clear guidance on this subject.
59. We are given reason to believe that, towards the end of time and perhaps sooner than we expect, God will raise up great men filled with the Holy Spirit and imbued with the spirit of Mary. Through them Mary, Queen most powerful, will work great wonders in the world, destroying sin and setting up the kingdom of Jesus her Son upon the ruins of the corrupt kingdom of the world. These holy men will accomplish this by means of the devotion of which I only trace the main outlines and which suffers from my incompetence.
5. Exterior practices
60. Besides interior practices, which we have just mentioned, this devotion has certain exterior practices which must not be omitted or neglected.
Consecration and its renewal
61. The first is to choose a special feast-day to consecrate ourselves through Mary to Jesus, whose slaves we are making ourselves. This is an occasion for receiving Holy Communion and spending the day in prayer. At least once a year on the same day, we should renew the act of consecration.
Offering of a tribute in submission to the Blessed Virgin
62. The second is to give our Lady every year on that same day some little tribute as a token of our servitude and dependence. This has always been the customary homage paid by slaves to their master. This tribute could consist of an act of self-denial or an alms, or a pilgrimage, or a few prayers. St Peter Damian tells us that his brother, Blessed Marino, used to give himself the discipline in public on the same day every year before the altar of our Lady. This kind of zeal is not required, nor would we counsel it. But what little we give to our Lady we should at least offer with a heart that is humble and grateful.
A Special Celebration of the Feast of the Annunciation
63. The third practice is to celebrate every year with special fervour the feast of the Annunciation of our Lord. This is the distinctive feast of this devotion and was chosen so that we might honour and imitate that dependence which the eternal Word accepted on this day out of love for us.
The Saying of the Little Crown and the Magnificat
64. The fourth practice is to say every day, without the obligation of sin, the prayer entitled "The Little Crown of the Blessed Virgin", which comprises three Our Fathers and twelve Hail Marys, and to say frequently the Magnificat, which is the only hymn composed by our Lady. In the Magnificat we thank God for favouring us in the past, and we beg further blessings from him in the future. One special time when we should not fail to say it is during thanksgiving after Holy Communion. A person so scholarly as Gerson informs us that our Lady herself used to recite it in thanksgiving after Holy Communion.
The wearing of a little chain
65. The fifth is the wearing of a small blessed chain either around the neck, on the arm, on the foot, or about the body. Strictly speaking, this practice can be omitted without affecting the essential nature of the devotion , but just the same it would be wrong to despise or condemn it, and foolhardy to neglect it.
Here are the reasons for wearing this external sign:
(1) It signifies that we are free from the baneful chains of original and actual sin which held us in bondage.
(2) By it we show our esteem for the cords and bonds of love with which our Lord let himself be bound that we might be truly free.
(3) As these bonds are bonds of love, they remind us that we should do nothing except under the influence of love.
(4) Finally, wearing this chain recalls to us once more that we are dependent on Jesus and Mary as their slaves. Eminent people who had become slaves of Jesus and Mary valued these little chains so much that they were unhappy at not being allowed to trail them publicly like the slaves of the Muslims.
These chains of love are more valuable and more glorious than the necklaces of gold and precious stones worn by emperors, because they are the illustrious insignia of Jesus and Mary, and signify the bonds uniting us to them.
It should be noted that if the chains are not of silver, they should for convenience' sake at least be made of iron.
They should never be laid aside at any time, so that they may be with us even to the day of judgement. Great will be the joy , glory and triumph of the faithful slave on that day when, at the sound of the trumpet, his bones rise from the earth still bound by the chain of holy bondage, which to all appearance has not decayed. This thought alone should convince a devout slave never to take off his chain, however inconvenient it may be.
3. Supplement
A. Prayer to Jesus
66. Most loving Jesus, permit me to express my heartfelt gratitude to you for your kindness in giving me to your holy Mother through the devotion of holy bondage, and so making her my advocate to plead with your Majesty on my behalf, and make up for all that I lack through my inadequacy.
Alas, O Lord, I am so wretched that without my dear Mother I would certainly be lost. Yes, I always need Mary when I am approaching you. I need her to calm your indignation at the many offences I have committed every day. I need her to save me from the just sentence of eternal punishment I have deservedly incurred. I need her to turn to you, speak to you, pray to you, approach you and please you. I need her to help me save my soul and the souls of others. In a word, I need her so that I may always do your holy will and seek your greater glory in everything I do.
Would that I could publish throughout the whole world the mercy which you have shown to me! Would that the whole world could know that without Mary I would now be doomed! If only I could offer adequate thanks for such a great benefit as Mary! She is within me. What a precious possession and what a consolation for me! Should I not in return be all hers? If I were not , how ungrateful would I be! My dear Saviour, send me death rather than I should be guilty of such a lapse, for I would rather die than not belong to Mary.
Like Saint John the Evangelist at the foot of the Cross, I have taken her times without number as my total good and as often have I given myself to her. But if I have not done so as perfectly as you, dear Jesus, would wish, I now do so according to your desire. If you still see in my soul or body anything that does not belong to this noble Queen, please pluck it out and cast it far from me, because anything of mine which does not belong to Mary is unworthy of you.
67. Holy Spirit, grant me all these graces. Implant in my soul the tree of true life, which is Mary. Foster it and cultivate it so that it grows and blossoms and brings forth the fruit of life in abundance. Holy Spirit, give me a great love and longing for Mary, your exalted spouse. Give me a great trust in her maternal heart and a continuous access to her compassion, so that with her you may truly form Jesus, great and powerful, in me until I attain the fullness of his perfect age. Amen.
B. Prayer to Mary (For Her Faithful Slaves)
68. Hail, Mary, most beloved daughter of the eternal Father; hail, Mary, most admirable mother of the Son; hail, Mary, most faithful spouse of the Holy Spirit; hail, Mary, Mother most dear, Lady most lovable, Queen most powerful! Hail, Mary, my joy, my glory, my heart and soul. You are all mine through God's mercy, but I am all yours in justice. Yet I do not belong sufficiently to you, and so once again, as a slave who always belongs to his master, I give myself wholly to you, reserving nothing for myself or for others.
If you still see anything in me which is not given to you, please take it now. Make yourself completely owner of all my capabilities. Destroy in me everything that is displeasing to God. Uproot it and bring it to nothing. Implant in me all that you deem to be good; improve it and make it increase in me.
May the light of your faith dispel the darkness of my mind. May your deep humility take the place of my pride. May your heavenly contemplation put an end to the distractions of my wandering imagination. May your continuous vision of God fill my memory with his presence. May the burning love of your heart inflame the coldness of mine. May your virtues take the place of my sins. May your merits be my adornment and make up for my unworthiness before God. Finally, most dearly beloved Mother, grant, if it be possible, that I may have no other spirit but yours to know Jesus and his divine will. May I have no soul but yours to praise and glorify the Lord. May I have no heart but yours to love God purely and ardently as you love him.
69. I do not ask for visions or revelations, for sensible devotion or even spiritual pleasures. It is your privilege to see God clearly in perpetual light. It is your privilege to savour the delights of heaven where nothing is without sweetness. It is your privilege to triumph gloriously in heaven at the right hand of your Son without further humiliation, and to command angels, men, and demons, without resistance on their part. It is your privilege to dispose at your own choice of all the good gifts of God without any exception.
Such, most holy Mary, is the excellent portion which the Lord has given you, and which will never be taken from you, and which gives me great joy. As for my portion here on earth, I wish only to have a share in yours, that is, to have simple faith without seeing or tasting, to suffer joyfully without the consolation of men, to die daily to myself without flinching, to work gallantly for you even until death without any self-interest, as the most worthless of your slaves. The only grace I beg you in your kindness to obtain for me is that every day and moment of my life I may say this threefold Amen: Amen, so be it, to all you did upon earth; Amen, so be it, to all you are doing now in heaven; Amen, so be it, to all you are doing in my soul. In that way, you and you alone will fully glorify Jesus in me during all my life and throughout eternity. Amen.
4. The Care And Growth Of The Tree Of Life, or How Best To Cause Mary To Live And Reign In Our Souls
A. The holy slavery of love. The Tree of life.
70. Have you understood with the help of the Holy Spirit what I have tried to explain in the preceding pages? If so, be thankful to God. It is a secret of which very few people are aware. If you have discovered this treasure in the field of Mary, this pearl of great price, you should sell all you have to purchase it. You must offer yourself to Mary, happily lose yourself in her, only to find God in her.
If the Holy Spirit has planted in your soul the true Tree of Life, which is the devotion that I have just explained, you should see carefully to its cultivation, so that it will yield its fruit in due season. This devotion is like the mustard seed of the Gospel, which is indeed the smallest of all seeds, but nevertheless it grows into a big plant, shooting up so high that the birds of the air, that is, the elect, come and make their nest in its branches. They repose there, shaded from the heat of the sun, and safely hidden from beasts of prey.
B. How to cultivate it
Here is the best way, chosen soul, to cultivate it:
71. (1) This tree, once planted in a docile heart, requires fresh air and no human support. Being of heavenly origin, it must be uninfluenced by any creature, since a creature might hinder it from rising up towards God who created it. Hence you must not rely on your own endeavours or your natural talents or your personal standing or the guidance of men. You must resort to Mary, relying solely on her help.
72. (2) The person in whose soul this tree has taken root must, like a good gardener, watch over it and protect it. For this tree, having life and capable of producing the fruit of life, should be raised and tended with enduring care and attention of soul. A soul that desires to be holy will make this its chief aim and occupation.
73. Whatever is likely to choke the tree or in the course of time prevent its yielding fruit, such as thorns and thistles, must be cut away and rooted out. This means that by self- denial and self-discipline you must sedulously cut short and even give up all empty pleasures and useless dealings with other creatures. In other words, you must crucify the flesh, keep a guard over the tongue, and mortify the bodily senses.
74. (3) You must guard against grubs doing harm to the tree. These parasites are love of self and love of comfort, and they eat away the green foliage of the Tree and frustrate the fair hope it offered of yielding good fruit; for love of self is incompatible with love of Mary.
75. (4) You must not allow this tree to be damaged by destructive animals, that is, by sins, for they may cause its death simply by their contact. They must not be allowed even to breathe upon the Tree, because their mere breath, that is, venial sins, which are most dangerous when we do not trouble ourselves about them.
76. (5) It is also necessary to water this Tree regularly with your Communions, Masses and other public and private prayers. Otherwise it will not continue bearing fruit.
77. (6) Yet you need not be alarmed when the winds blow and shake this tree, for it must happen that the storm-winds of temptation will threaten to bring it down, and snow and frost tend to smother it. By this we mean that this devotion to our Blessed Lady will surely be called into question and attacked. But as long as we continue steadfastly in tending it, we have nothing to fear.
C. Its lasting fruit: Jesus Christ
78. Chosen soul, provided you thus carefully cultivate the Tree of Life, which has been freshly planted in your soul by the Holy Spirit, I can assure you that in a short time it will grow so tall that the birds of the air will make their home in it. It will become such a good tree that it will yield in due season the sweet and adorable Fruit of honour and grace, which is Jesus, who has always been and will always be the only fruit of Mary.
Happy is that soul in which Mary, the Tree of Life, is planted. Happier still is the soul in which she has been able to grow and blossom. Happier again is the soul in which she brings forth her fruit. But happiest of all is the soul which savours the sweetness of Mary's fruit and preserves it up till death and then beyond to all eternity. Amen.
"Let him who possesses it, hold fast to it.
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Fr. Calderon's Study on Novus Ordo Episcopal Consecrations |
Posted by: Stone - 04-27-2021, 06:33 AM - Forum: New Rite Sacraments
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From The Catacombs archives:
Some of you may recall a short article posted here on The Catacombs in which references a study by Fr. Alvaro Calderón, assistant Rector of the SSPX La Reja Seminary in Argentina, on the [Novus Ordo] Rite of Episcopal Consecration of Pope Paul VI.
Fr. Calderon's study was published by SiSiNoNo No. 267 in November of 2014 and may be found online here.
Below is a computer translation of Fr. Calderón's 'Conclusion' to his 2014 study on Episcopal Consecration [Italicized emphasis in the original. All other emphasis mine]:
Quote:If we consider the matter, form and intention of the new rite of episcopal consecration in the context of the rite and in the circumstances of its institution, it seems to us that it is most probably valid, because it not only means what it should mean, but that most of its elements are taken from rites received by the Church (32).
But we also believe that there is no certainty of its validity (the italicized Spanish words are no hay certezade su validez), because it suffers from two major defects, which we could classify as one [canonical] and the other theological.
- Canonical defect. For this reason: above, the institution of this New Rite cannot be considered legitimate.
- Theological defect. The Novus Ordo is not the same but only similar to other rites accepted by the Church. Although certainly these rites, on the one hand, are not very precise in their concepts; and on the other hand, the differences introduced by the Novus Ordo follow tendencies of bad doctrine. All this makes theological judgment, always difficult in these matters, even more difficult.
Now, in a matter of the utmost importance for the life of the Church, as is the validity of the episcopate, it becomes necessary to have absolute certainty. Therefore, to be able to accept this rite with peace of conscience, it would be necessary not to have only the sentence of theologians, but the infallible sentence of the Magisterium.
As for the practical attitude to sustain in the face of the new episcopal consecrations, it seems to us that the one that had supported the Fraternity until now is justified:
1. The very probable validity of the rite seems to us to make it morally acceptable to occasionally attend Mass (traditional rite) celebrated by an ordained priest or bishop the Church is not to be consecrated in the new rite, or even to receive communion in it; it seems to us acceptable, in case of necessity, to receive the acquittal from them; treat them as priests and bishops and not as lay people in disguise; we find it acceptable to allow them to celebrate in our own houses. For the shadows that float over the validity of his priesthood are but shadows, and in all those activities our responsibility for the priesthood exercised is not compromised. And the remote risk of a communion or an absolution being invalidated is not so serious.
2. But the positive and objective defects that this rite suffers, which prevent one from being certain of its validity, it seems to us that - until there is a Roman sentence, for which they would have to change many things - justify and make necessary the conditional reordination of priests consecrated by new bishops and, if necessary, the conditional re-consecration of these bishops. Such uncertainties cannot be suffered at the very root of the sacraments (33).
- Father Alvaro Calderón
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SSPX Asia 1998: Priestly Ordination: The New Rite Vs. The Old Rite |
Posted by: Stone - 04-27-2021, 06:25 AM - Forum: New Rite Sacraments
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SSPX Newsletter of the District of Asia - December 1998
Priestly Ordination: The New Rite Vs. The Old Rite
STRANGE CHANGES
On June 18, 1968, Pope Paul VI promulgated a new rite for the priestly ordination.
The matter and the form of the sacrament [1] remained almost the same as in the rite promulgated by Pope Pius XII in November 1948. There are only two small changes in the form, which do not however affect the meaning of the sacrament; in fact, they specify it better. [There are others who do not agree, see here, here, here, and here, for example. - The Catacombs]
The novelty and danger of the new rite consists especially in the abolition of the two ceremonies by which the bishop clearly explains the powers of the Catholic priest:
1) In relation to the power to offer Mass:
Old Rite
“Receive the power to offer the Sacrifice to God and to celebrate Masses for the living and the dead.”
New Rite
“Let our Lord Jesus Christ, whom the Father anointed by the Holy Ghost and by fortitude, guard you in order that you may offer the sacrifice to God and sanctify the Christian people.”
2) In relation to the power to hear confession:
Old Rite
The second imposition of hands along with a quote of Our Lord Himself: “Receive the Holy Ghost, whose sins you shall forgive, they are forgiven them, and whose sins you shall retain, they are retained.”(John 20:22)
New Rite
Abolished completely
These two ceremonies in the traditional rite of ordination indicated clearly that the priest has two powers:
1. The first, on the physical Body of Christ, consisting in offering the Sacrifice for the living and the dead.
2. The second, on the mystical Body of Christ i.e. the sanctification of the faithful, especially by the forgiveness of sins in the sacrament of Confession.
While these two powers are mentioned in the new formulas, it is not done very clearly:
- The Sacrifice is no longer for the living and the dead.
- The sanctification of the faithful does not come firstly by the forgiveness of sins, which puts souls in the state of grace.
WHY WERE THESE CHANGES MADE?
It is now manifest that the intention leading all these changes in the new rite of ordination is the same intention which lead all the changes in the new order of Mass, i.e. the desire to get closer to the Protestant doctrines.
For Luther, founder of Protestantism, “To be a Christian means to have the Gospel and to believe in Christ. This faith brings forgiveness of sins and divine grace.” [2]
· Also for him, the Mass is only a simple commemoration of the Last Supper, and not the unbloody renewal of the unique Sacrifice of Our Lord on the Cross, applying the merits of the Passion for the remission of sins. All of this is useless according to him because faith is sufficient in order to be saved.
· There is no need of the Sacrament of Penance because our faith in Christ is sufficient to obtain the forgiveness of sins.
· And the priest is a simple preacher.
To answer these errors of Luther, the Council of Trent promulgated the following anathemas:
·“If anyone says that the sacrifice of the Mass is one only of praise and thanksgiving, or that it is a mere commemoration of the sacrifice consummated on the cross but not a propitiatory one, or that it ought not to be offered for the living and the dead, for sins, punishments, satisfactions and other necessities, let him be anathema.” (Canon 3 on the Sacrifice of the Mass)
·“If anyone says that justifying faith is nothing else than confidence in divine Mercy, which remits sins for Christ’s sake, or that it is confidence alone that justifies us, let him be anathema.” (Canon 12 concerning justification)
The abolition of this precision in the new rite of the priestly ordination (even if the rite remains valid in itself by the unchanged matter and form) makes the doctrine expressed by the new rite dangerously close to the Protestant doctrine. This is not surprising since the end of all the liturgical reforms after the Vatican II Council was ecumenism.
Something else, which is also not surprising, alas, is that now, many new priests do not know anymore what the priesthood is. Consequently, this leads to all priestly problems, such as married priests (at least 70,000 priests have abandoned their priesthood since the last Council).
And do the bishops themselves know well what a priest is? We hope so, because with this new rite, some bishops could have an intention opposite to the intention of the Church when they ordain priests, and in that case the ordination would be invalid, or at least doubtful.
[1]The matter of a sacrament is the sensible thing made use of in effecting the sacrament. For the priestly ordination, it is the first imposition of the hands made by the bishop. The form is the words, which are pronounced in order to effect the sacrament. For the priestly ordination, it is some of the words of the consecratory preface.
[2]The Facts About Luther, by Msgr. O’Hare, TAN Books, p.101
[Emphasis mine.]
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The Problem with Anglican [and Novus Ordo!] Orders |
Posted by: Stone - 04-27-2021, 06:11 AM - Forum: New Rite Sacraments
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The Problem with Anglican Orders ~ Michael Davies
It has long been recognized that many of the elements in the Anglican rite of 'Orders,' which earned it's condemnation by Pope Leo XIII in Apostolicae Curae, made their way into the Novus Ordo Rite of Priestly Ordination. Mr. Davies, without drawing explicit parallels to the Novus Ordo Rite of Ordination, nevertheless highlights the precedence set by Leo XIII which may very likely be used to condemn that New Rite.
In this ordination sermon on June 29, 2016, Bishop Tissier expressly points out several of the important changes in the New Ordination Rite that may earn for it too one day, a condemnation:
Quote:…The Fraternity uses all available means today, in light of the situation in the Church, to transmit to all priests of the Church this truth of the priesthood of Our Lord Jesus Christ, the reality of Christ, Priest and King, to communicate this to the whole Church.
This nature of the priest as mediator seems to me to be very simply illustrated in the priestly ordination ceremony.
By the anointing of the priest’s hands, by the tradition of the chalice and the paten, and by the second imposition of the hands accompanied with the power to absolve sins. Now these three rites are accomplished at the end of the ordination when the ordinands are already priests by the silent imposition of the bishop’s hands and the consecratory preface. They are already priests. Nevertheless, the Church insists, through these three secondary rites, on specifying the nature of the priest’s power.
First of all, the anointing of the hands, so beautiful, so meaningful. The priest is no longer a man like others, he is a consecrated man because he receives the anointing of his hands. Anointing the two hands of the ordinand, of the ordained, the priest [bishop] pronounces these words: “Consecrate and sanctify, O Lord, these hands by this unction and our blessing so that whatsoever they shall bless and consecrate be consecrated and made holy, in the name of the Lord.” From now on, dear candidates to the priesthood, you will work wonders, you will consecrate and sanctify. Consecrating at mass, of course, holding the chalice that will become the chalice of the Precious Blood, and holding the paten that will become the paten holding Our Lord Jesus Christ, His immolated Body. Thus, you will consecrate the Holy Eucharist, you will renew sacramentally the sacrifice of the Cross. And you will sanctify souls through your hands, through all the blessings of the Church, through baptism, and through the Holy Communion you will give.
But, dear faithful, this marvelous anointing of the priest’s hands was tampered with [truqué] by the Conciliar Church 46 years ago. Paul VI instituted other words, which say nothing of consecration or sanctification. That is why we preciously safeguard the treasure of these ordination prayers.
The second rite is the rite of presenting the young priest with the chalice and the paten, with these very clear words: “Receive the power to offer sacrifice to God.” These words you will not find in the other parts of the ordination. Nowhere. It is in this secondary rite that you will ultimately find specified what this priesthood is you are going to receive. “Receive the power to offer sacrifice to God,” and it continues, “and to celebrate masses for the living as well as for the dead, in the name of the Lord.” To celebrate masses, this is quite clear, for the living as well as for the dead.
Not only a sacrifice of praise for the living, but also the sacrifice of expiation and propitiation for the souls in purgatory, who are no longer spoken of in the Church today. Your priesthood is a priesthood having effects for eternity, not only on earth but in Heaven for admitting in souls, and in purgatory for the deliverance of souls.
Archbishop Lefebvre would tell us: “The priest is a man of eternity, who lives not only in time, but whose priesthood has eternal effects.”
But this prayer, once again, was tampered with by the Conciliar Church—the new ordination rite where the bishop presents the chalice and the paten, with the wine and the host, yes, simply saying: “Receive the gifts of the faithful, to offer them to God.” So, what does that mean? You are receiving the gifts of the faithful to offer them to God? Is that all? We are not receiving the gifts of the faithful, we are receiving the gift of God, which is Our Lord Jesus Christ sacrificed on the Cross, to offer Him anew to God the Father. This is the truth! Obviously, we cannot accept this new, tampered with ordination rite, which casts doubts on the validity of numerous ordinations [done] according to the new rite.
And finally, the third beautiful rite—secondary, it is true, but still so important—the power to absolve sins. The priest [bishop] says to the ordinand, as he spreads open his chasuble to signify he shall thenceforth be able to exercise his priesthood and all of his priestly functions: “Receive the Holy Ghost, whose sins thou shalt forgive, they are forgiven them; and whose sins thou shalt retain, they are retained.” These beautiful words of Our Lord to the Apostles on Easter, on Easter evening, what could be more beautiful? To express this power, which the young priests have already received by the silent imposition of hands and the preface, this is true, but expressing it in an explicit manner, that the priest has the power to forgive sins. You will say but only God can forgive sins. Exactly—the priest is the instrument of God, Our Lord Jesus Christ, for the forgiveness of sins.
But, dear faithful, this prayer, this rite of transmitting the power to forgive sins, was simply suppressed in the new rite of ordination. It is no longer mentioned. So this new rite of ordination is not Catholic. And so we shall continue, of course, to faithfully transmit the real and valid priesthood through the traditional rite of priestly ordination.
Source [Disclaimer: A sedevacantist site's translation of the Bishop's sermon was used rather than a computer translation, trusting in the integrity of the editor who notes he made a 'careful' translation. However, a computer translation can be found here for comparison. Emphasis mine.]
Dear friends, we must continue to hold the line of Archbishop Lefebvre, deviating neither to the right (sedevacantism - summarily declaring everything to be invalid and assuming an authority we do not have) nor to the left (liberalism - compromising as Bishop Fellay, the Fake Resistance, and now OLMC have done with Vatican II).
Rather, we should imitate Our Lady in Her patience and humility in Her trials, imitate the saintly Archbishop Lefebvre - who underwent much persecution from both the right and the left - and wait with prayer for the day when some good future Pope will clear the mist spewed by Vatican II that has infected everything and who will rescue the Church from the Modernist cesspool. But while we wait for that good Pope, we battle on in defense of the True Faith, the True Sacraments, and the True Mass!
Our Lady of Fatima, pray for us.
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Archbishop Lefebvre [excerpt]: 'It would be worse to send priests who have no Traditional doctrine'! |
Posted by: Stone - 04-26-2021, 06:25 PM - Forum: Archbishop Marcel Lefebvre
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From The Catacombs archives:
Archbishop Lefebvre gave a series of conferences to the SSPX seminarians in Ridgefield in April of 1983. The conferences dealt primarily on the issues surrounding the leaving of the "Nine," in the installation of then-Fr. Williamson as the new Rector of the seminary, and a myriad of other issues.
The following excerpt from the Conference given on the 26th of April is interesting. In a great sense of paternal solicitude for the souls in his care, the Archbishop demonstrates his carefulness in the selection of his priests for the Society, showing a focus on the proverbial 'quality over quantity'.
In a subsection of the Conference entitled, The Question of the Indian Priests, the Archbishop says the following words:
Quote:"I think they are valid priests. Because I received from Fr. Bolduc, the document of their ordination. ... I investigated the bishop (who ordained them) in the 'Romanum Pontificio,' in this diocese in India...that city and diocese is all very Catholic...and so he was a true Catholic bishop who ordained these Indian priests ... some were ordained before the Council of Vatican II: Fr. Mathias, Fr. Pinto, before the Council. I cannot say that this ordination was invalid. They are true priests and there is no reason to say they are not true priests. But there is another question involved concerning them -- these priests, what kind of formation did they receive? Especially Fr. Papas (sp?), who came from India...this man, I think is very modernist! [...] I know that Fr. Bolduc has begged me for priests...he said, 'I need priests...I have not enough priests; ... please send us priests...', etc. I am aware of the need, but it is very important to send true priests, true Catholic Traditional priests. It is worse to send a priest you are not sure of, i.e. priests who have no Traditional doctrine. [Emphasis - The Catacombs]
What a good reminder that "validity is not enough!" An admonition that it is "very important to send true Catholic Traditional priests", priests who not deviated from what the Church teaches, who will only uphold the Catholic Faith but not compromise it!
Like the good shepherd he is, the Archbishop always keeps us focused on the most important considerations. He understands that much damage can be done by a compromising priest - that it is better to be without one rather than have this slow poison of compromise with respect to the Faith injected into souls from one whom they would naturally trust and believe, i.e. the priest.
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April 26 – Sts Cletus and Marcellinus, Popes & Martyrs |
Posted by: Stone - 04-26-2021, 05:24 PM - Forum: April
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April 26 – Sts Cletus and Marcellinus, Popes & Martyrs
Two bright stars appear this day on the ecclesiastical cycle, proclaiming the glory of our Jesus, the Conqueror of death. Again they are two pontiffs, and martyr pontiffs. Cletus leads us to the very commencement of the Church, for he was a disciple of Peter, and his second successor in the See of Rome. Marcellinus was a witness of the great persecution under Diocletian; he governed the Church on the eve of her triumph. Let us honor these two fathers of Christendom, who laid down their lives in its defense; and let us offer their merits to Jesus, who supported them by his grace, and cheered them with the hope that one day they would share in his Resurrection.
The following is the account given of St. Cletus by the Liturgy:
Quote:Cletus, the son of Emilianus, was a Roman of the fifth region and of the Patrician street. He governed the Church during the reigns of the emperors Vespasian and Titus. Agreeably to the order given him by the Prince of the apostles, he established five and twenty priests in the City. He was the first who in his letters used the words: “Health and Apostolic benediction.” Having put the Church into admirable order, and having governed it twelve years, seven months, and two days, he was crowned with martyrdom under the emperor Domitian, in the second persecution following that of Nero, and was buried in the Vatican, near the body of St. Peter.
In the short notice on the life of St. Marcellinus, the reader will meet with a circumstance, which, by some learned historians, is rejected as utterly untrue, whilst, by others equally learned, it is considered as authentic. The holy Pontiff is said to have flinched before his persecutors, and to have gone so far as to offer incense to the idols; but the statement adds, that he repaired his fault by a second and courageous profession of his faith, which secured for him the crown of Martyrdom. The plan Of our work does not admit critical disquisitions; we shall therefore not attempt to clear up this difficulty of history; it is enough for us to know that all are agreed upon the Martyrdom of this holy Pope. At the time when the Lesson, which is now in the Breviary, was drawn up, — the fall of Marcellinus was believed as a fact; later on, it was called in question, and the arguments used against it are by no means to be despised; the Church, however, has not thought well to change the Lesson as it first stood, the more so as questions of this nature do not touch upon faith. We scarcely need to remind the reader, that the fall of Marcellinus, supposing it to be a fact, would be no argument against the infallibility of the Roman Pontiff. The Pope cannot teach error, when he addresses himself to the Church; but he is not impeccable in his personal conduct.
The Life of St. Marcellinus is thus given in the Breviary:
Quote:Marcellinus, a Roman by birth, ruled over the Church from the year two hundred and ninety-six to the year three hundred and four, during the terrible persecution of Diocletian. He had much to suffer from the impious severity of those who reproached him with showing too much indulgence towards such as had relapsed into idolatry, whence ensued a calumnious report of his having offered incense to idols. But in truth, this blessed pontiff was beheaded for the confession of the faith, together with three other Christians, Claudius, Cyrinus, and Antoninus. Their bodies, by the emperor’s order, were left six and thirty days without burial, after which the blessed Marcellus, in consequence of his receiving, while asleep, ad admonition from St. Peter, had them buried in the Cemetery of Priscilla, on the Salarian Way; at which burial were present many priests and deacons, who, with torches in their hands, sang hymns in honor of the martyrs. Marcellinus governed the Church seven years, eleven months, and twenty-three days. During this period he held two ordinations in December, at which four were made priests, and five bishops for divers places.
Pray for us, O holy Pontiffs, and look with fatherly love upon the Church on earth, which was so violently persecuted in your times, and at the present day is far from enjoying peace. The worship of idols is revived; and though they be not of stone or metal, yet they that adore them are as determined to propagate their worship as were the pagans of former days to make all men idolaters. The gods and goddesses now in favor are called Liberty, Progress, and Modern Civilization. Every measure is resorted to, in order to impose these new divinities upon the world; they that refuse to adore them are persecuted; government are secularized, that is, unchristianized; the education of youth is made independent of all moral teaching; the religious element is rejected from social life as an intrusion: and all this is done with such a show of reasonableness that thousands of well-minded Christians are led to be its advocates, timid perhaps and partial, but still its advocates. Preserve us, O holy martyrs! from being the dupes of this artful impiety. It was not in vain that our Jesus suffered death, and rose again from the grave. Surely after this he deserves to be what he is—King of the whole earth, under whose power are all creatures. It is in order to obey him that we wish no other liberty save that which he has based upon the Gospel; no other progress save that which results from the fulfillment of the duties to our fell men, which he has established. It is he that created human nature, and gave it is laws; it is he that redeemed it, and restored to it its lost rights. Him alone, then, do we adore, O holy martyrs! pray that we may never become the dupes or slaves of the theories of human pride, even if they that frame or uphold them should have power to make us suffer or die for our resistance.
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BREAKING: European Commission president says US visitors to Europe will need vaccine passports |
Posted by: Stone - 04-26-2021, 02:57 PM - Forum: COVID Passports
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BREAKING: European Commission president says US visitors to Europe will need vaccine passports
'One thing is clear: All 27 [E.U.] member states will accept, unconditionally, all those who are vaccinated with vaccines
that are approved' by the European Medicines Agency, said Ursula von der Leyen.
BRUSSELS, Belgium, April 26, 2021 (LifeSiteNews) – Ursula von der Leyen, the president of the European Commission (EC), has announced that travellers coming from the United States will need proof of vaccination in order to visit Europe, as von der Leyen continues her push for vaccine passports, despite a recent ruling from the Council of Europe that they are a violation of human rights.
In a Sunday interview with the New York Times, von der Leyen revealed that she envisaged vaccine passports being the key which would unlock travel to Europe for Americans.
“The Americans, as far as I can see, use European Medicines Agency-approved [EMA] vaccines,” she said. “This will enable free movement and the travel to the European Union.”
America and Europe are both availing of the Pfizer, Moderna, and Johnson & Johnson injections. The Johnson & Johnson vaccine has been temporarily suspended in the U.S. after it caused fatal blood clots, but a Centers for Disease Control (CDC) panel recently recommended the vaccine be reinstated.
“Because one thing is clear: All 27 member states will accept, unconditionally, all those who are vaccinated with vaccines that are approved by E.M.A,” she added.
Von der Leyen, president of the EC since December 2019, hailed the swift rollout of the experimental injections in the United States, pointing to this as the underlying cause for her mention of easing the current restrictions on travel.
In her comments to the Times, von der Leyen noted that the U.S. was “on track” with regards the aim of injecting 70% of adults by mid-June.
With a customary caveat, she added that even with the use of vaccine passports to limit travel, inter-continental travel would depend “on the epidemiological situation, but the situation is improving in the United States, as it is, hopefully, also improving in the European Union.”
According to the Times, von der Leyen will now be seeking to change European policy on travel by advocating and implementing vaccine passports. However, more intricate details about the scheme, including how it be enforced, or any alternatives to the passports, were not given.
The interview is no surprise, however, as von der Leyen has been openly promoting the globalist-style policy of vaccine passports for some time. So advanced have been her plans, that in early March, she announced via Twitter the plans to introduce legislation which would bring about a “Digital Green Pass” for residents within the European Union (EU) to allow ease of travel. The passports would come into effect from June 15.
Greece had recently introduced its own COVID-19 vaccination certificates, in the hope that the move would facilitate tourism, a sector on which the country’s economy relies heavily. Minister of Digital Governance Kyriakos Pierrakakis said that the vaccine passports will work as a sort of “fast lane inside the airports … to have the opportunity to go to a different lane from those who haven’t been vaccinated,” but that without the E.U. adopting the infrastructure more broadly, the system will be “absurd.”
At the end of January, the U.K. (which is no longer part of the E.U.) announced that it is forging ahead with its own vaccine passport plan, funding the trial of eight passport schemes at a cost of £450,000 in government grants for the project.
Now, in her recent interview to the Times, von der Leyen has encouraged member states to the E.U. to formulate and implement their own policies regarding the use of vaccine passports. The bloc is currently restricting so-called non-essential travel from a number of countries, the U.S. included.
Despite von der Leyen’s continued promotion of the use of vaccine passports, the Council of Europe, which oversees the European Court of Human Rights, ruled recently that forced vaccinations and vaccine passports were a violation of human rights.
The ruling, which came in February, stated that protections must be given to those who do not have the vaccine, so that they do not incur any penalty for not having the injection, to “ensure that no one is discriminated against for not having been vaccinated, due to possible health risks or not wanting to be vaccinated.”
Vaccine passports should not be used for any other purpose apart from recording “vaccine efficacy, potential side-effects and adverse events.”
“Vaccination certificates should not be used as a ‘vaccination passport’ (at borders, in aviation, or for access to services). Such use would be unscientific in the absence of data on the effectiveness of the vaccines in reducing transmission, the length of any acquired immunity, as well as the percentage of ‘failure’ to produce immunity due to new variants, viral load and delayed second doses. Such use would also pose privacy concerns, and, taking into account the limited availability of vaccines, may perpetuate and reinforce exclusionary and discriminatory practices.”
Notwithstanding this, von der Leyen’s interview will no doubt encourage countries in Europe in implementing such restrictions upon visitors from the U.S., as politicians both in the U.K. and Europe continue to ignore the import of this Council of Europe’s ruling. Airlines, too, could go along with the vaccine passports, as a means to ensure the restarting of the industry.
In response to von der Leyen’s interview, the International Air Transport Association (IATA) released a statement welcoming her words, calling them “a step in the right direction.”
The IATA called for vaccine passports to enable “unconditional travel for those vaccinated,” but also added that “the freedom to travel should not exclude those who are unable to be vaccinated.” The organization asked for negative COVID-19 tests to be used as an alternative to vaccines in facilitating travel, writing: “Vaccines are not the only way to safely re-open borders. Government risk-models should also include COVID-19 testing.”
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The New Rite: Purging the Priesthood in the Conciliar Church |
Posted by: Stone - 04-26-2021, 11:07 AM - Forum: New Rite Sacraments
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From The Catacombs archive:
The New Rite: Purging the Priesthood in the Conciliar Church
The posting of the following article here may cause some initial consternation because of it's author. As many of you may know, Fr. William Jenkins was one the "Nine" who left the SSPX in 1983, in protest over several issues. Most of the "Nine" became sedevacantist and in fact, I believe Fr. Jenkins still ascribes the sedevacantist stance to this day.
However, before wild allegations of sedevacantism are leveled in our particular direction for posting this article, please bear a few things in mind:
1. This article was written in 1981, two years before Fr. Jenkins left the SSPX.
2. It was written while he was the SSPX Seminary Professor [Ridgefield, CT] of Philosophy and Dogmatic Theology.
3. His conclusion, written as an SSPX priest, repeats the same stance of Archbishop Lefebvre, Bishop Tissier de Mallerais, Fr. Calderon, and others in the SSPX who acknowledge that despite the positive doubts about the New Rite of Orders, a judgment by the Church's Magisterium is required to resolve these doubts. In other words, he does NOT take the sedevacantist approach, which is to declare the New Rites not only doubtful but invalid and therefore null and void.
4. The use of his article is justified in its examination of the New Rite of Ordination because just as the early works of Archbishop Sheen were much to be commended though he later accepted the New Mass. So too here, despite Fr. Jenkins' later sedevacantism, in this article he draws heavily from several manuals of moral theology and the teachings of the Popes to arrive at the conclusion of doubtfulness. We all know that the truth is the truth, no matter who speaks it.
5. At least one of the theologians quoted in this article is Fr. Dominic Prümmer, whose Manual of Moral Theology is used in the OLMC Seminary, or, at least it was. This is of importance because it shows that the theologians being quoted are not obscure authorities that no one has ever heard of. Indeed, Fr. Prümmer has been used in SSPX seminaries for decades.
The New Ordination Rite: Purging the Priesthood in the Conciliar Church
The most noticeable change in the sacraments after Vatican II was the introduction of the New Mass. Few Catholics realize what the modernists did to the Sacrament of Holy Orders.
Fr. Jenkins analyzes the shocking consequences of their "reform." - The Roman Catholic Magazine
Quote:"The union desired by these Liberal Catholics, a union between the Church and the Revolution and subversion is, for the Church, an adulterous union, adulterous. And that adulterous union can only produce bastards. And who are those bastards? They are our rites: the rite of the Mass is a bastard rite, the sacraments are bastard sacraments-we no longer know if they are sacraments which give grace or which do not give grace. We no longer know if this Mass gives the Body and Blood of Our Lord Jesus Christ or if it does not give them. The priests coming out of the seminaries do not themselves know what they are." -Archbishop Marcel Lefebvre Lille, August 29, 1976
During his sermon at Lille, Archbishop Lefebvre went to the heart of the matter: we do not know whether the new sacraments give grace or not. We do not know if they are valid. We do not know if they are real sacraments. Every single sacrament of the Church has undergone drastic "reform" since Vatican II.
The very first sacrament to be singled out for "renewal" was the Sacrament of Holy Orders, by which men are constituted deacons, priests and bishops for the Church. The question of validity of this new rite takes on a special note of urgency, since upon it depends the validity of most of the other sacraments, notably that Sacrament to which all other are directed and for which all others exist-the Sacrament of the Holy Eucharist. Paul VI began the program of completely revising the sacramental order of the Catholic Church with his Apostolic Constitution Pontificalis Romani recognitio of June 18, 1968.
He sought with this document to impose upon the Church a new rite of ordination. Due to its over-whelming importance, any sweeping change in the rite of conferring Holy Orders demands the closest attention and scrutiny. Yet it was not until a decade later that an extensive study of the new Ordinal appeared in English. The book, The Order of Melchisedech by the well-known lay writer Michael Davies, provides a great deal of useful information, and is on that account a work of merit and lasting value. Yet, a careful examination of his work reveals some grave defects. This essay proposes: (1) to identify and assess what appears to be Mr. Davies' main point about the new ordination rite, (2) to show that the validity of the new rite is doubtful, and (3) to explain the practical consequences of this doubt.
Mr. Davies Says: The Form Is The Same
Throughout his book, Mr. Davies contends that the new form of priestly ordination is exactly the same as the traditional form. Speaking of the new rite, he says:
Quote:Where the rite for ordaining a priest is concerned, the first point to make is that the matter and the essential form designated by Pius XII in Sacramentum Ordinis remain unchanged. This is a point in favor of the new rite. It is the only point in its favor.1
Mr. Davies repeats this assertion three more times in the course of The Order of Melchisedech.2 His final mention of this occurs on page 126 of the book, where he comments on it using the words of Father Francis Clark, S.l., who wrote in his study Anglican Orders and Defect of Intention that:
Quote:... since the Constitution Sacramentum Ordinis of Pius XII, it would seem that no priestly ordination in which the minister uses exactly the words prescribed in that document (Da quaesumus, Omnipotens Pater, in hunc famulum tuum presbyterii dignitatem ... etc.), could be impugned on the grounds of defective form, whatever defect there might be in the other elements of the rite.3
Because he believes that the form of the Sacrament has not been changed, Mr. Davies implies that the new rite of priestly ordination must be valid, regardless of its defects.4
Although later in the book, Mr. Davies admits some reasonable reservations regarding the validity of the new rite,5 he nonetheless makes his point exceedingly clear in his writings which have followed the book. For example, in a recent article entitled The Archbishop and the Sacraments, Mr. Davies again cites Father Clark's work and concludes:
Quote:There is thus no basis for questioning the validity of the new ordination rite, even in the English version. I have no qualms in attending Tridentine Masses celebrated by priests ordained in the new rite, and I know that Archbishop Lefebvre has accepted the services of at least one such priest to work with the Society of Saint Pius X.6
In light of the above statement, we venture to say that the eminent scholar Dr. J. P. M. van der Ploeg, O.P., in his foreword to the book has accurately described the central thrust of The Order of Melchisedech:
Quote:"There can be no doubt of the validity of the new rite, but there are certain features which the author [Mr. Davies] deplores."7
The New Form: Is It The Same?
However, there is a grave error at the root of Mr. Davies' reasoning. While he does give the text for the traditional Latin form of ordination, nowhere in The Order of Melchisedech does he give the Latin form for the new rite of ordination. Had he compared the traditional and new liturgical books, he could have easily seen that the two forms are not the same. In the new rite, the form for ordaining a priest has suffered a change which-however insignificant it may appear at first glance-has very grave implications. Compare the Latin and English texts of the traditional form of the Sacrament with those of the new Ordinal:
The Traditional Form in Latin
Da, quaesumus, omnipotens Pater,
in hos famulos tuos Presbyterii dignitatem.
Innova in visceribus eorum Spiritum sanctitatis,
UT acceptum a te, Deus,
secundi meriti munus obtineant;
censuramque morum exemplo suae conversationis insinuent.
The New Form in Latin
Da, quaesumus, omnipotens Pater,
in hos famulos tuos Presbyterii dignitatem;
innova in visceribus eorum Spiritum sanctitatis;
[ ] acceptum a te, Deus,
secundi meriti munus obtineant,
censuramque morum exemplo suae conversationis insinuent
_______________________________________________________________
The Traditional Form in English
We pray Thee, Almighty Father,
confer the dignity of the Priesthood
on these Thy servants;
renew in their hearts the Spirit of holiness,
SO THAT they may obtain
the office of the second rank
received from Thee, O God,
and may, by the example of their lives,
inculcate the pattern of holy living.
The New Form, Provisional ICEL English Version
We ask you, all-powerful Father,
give these servants of yours
the dignity of the presbyterate.
Renew the Spirit of holiness
within them.
By your divine gift may they obtain8
the second order in the hierarchy
and exemplify right conduct
in their lives.
The New Form, Current ICEL English Version
Almighty Father,
grant to these servants of yours
the dignity of the priesthood.
Renew within them
the Spirit of holiness.
As co-workers with the Order of bishops
may they be faithful to the ministry
that they have received from you,
Lord God, and be to others a model of right conduct.
A Small Word Makes A Big Difference
Close examination of the two Latin formulae reveals that the traditional form contains the word "ut", which the new form deletes. Despite its small size, the Latin word "ut" carries a weight of significance-which significance the Church wished to convey by placing it in the traditional formula of ordination. The word "ut" establishes a relationship between that which precedes it in the sentence and that which follows it in the sentence. When it is used with a verb in the subjunctive mood (the verb "obtineant" is used in the formula in the subjunctive mood), then it shows that what comes before it somehow "causes" or is done "for the sake of" what follows it.
For example, the Latin sentence Veniunt ut te videant means "they are coming for the purpose of seeing you" or "for the sake of seeing you," and shows that their seeing you is the purpose and result of their coming. When one removes the "ut" (as in the new form), then the Latin reads veniunt te videant. The English sense is "they are coming; may they see you!" The "ut" in the first example shows purpose. Its omission in the second example replaces the idea of purpose with a mere exhortation.
With this in mind, we look at the two Latin ordination forms, the traditional and the new. Both forms call upon God the Father to renew in the hearts of the candidates the Spirit of sanctity, Who is the Holy Ghost. Both forms ask that they obtain the "office of second rank" (secundi meriti munus).
However, the traditional form clearly conveys the understanding that the new infusion of the Holy Ghost is the cause of their obtaining the office of second rank in becoming priests, and that their elevation to the office of the second rank is the purpose and the result of this renewal of the Holy Ghost within them. By the deletion of the one word "ut" the new Latin form has destroyed any such causal relationship between the two supernatural events.
ICEL Translations: Fantasy With The Forms
The sacramental form is further corrupted in the English translation devised by the International Commission for English in the Liturgy (ICEL). The first English rendition of the new Ordinal contained a "provisional" form which is shown above. Notice that, true to the new Latin formula, the provisional English version has deleted the causal relationship between the new infusion of the Holy Ghost and the elevation of men to the "office of the second rank."
Note as well the use of the word presbyterate to replace the word priesthood. As Mr. Davies keenly observes:
Quote: " .. .it is worth pointing out that the Latin word presbyter, used to denote priest in the Latin text of both the traditional and new ordinals, is translated as 'presbyter' in numerous places in the ICEL translation. At no time in any English-speaking country have Catholic priests been referred to as 'presbyters'. The term 'presbyter' is also used in the proposed Anglican-Methodist Ordinal."9
Although these two English words-priest and presbyter-come from the same Latin root, nonetheless, they are not simply equivalent in their English meaning and usage. The Church had always employed the word "priest" in English-speaking countries to convey the Catholic concept of the mediator between God and man who offers in an unbloody manner the Sacrifice of Calvary.
The definitive ICEL ordination form of 1975 was adopted by the National Conference of Catholic Bishops in 1976, thus replacing the provisional version. In continuous use since then, this current text re-instates the word "priesthood" to the exclusion of the word "presbyterate", thus becoming truer to the customary English translation of the traditional form and to the common usage of the Church in English-speaking lands. But this recent English version not only deletes the ex-pression of causality between the new infusion of the Holy Ghost and elevation to the "office of the second rank", but it supresses all mention of this office, and replaces it with a reference to the priests as "co-workers with the Order of bishops".
Now, the word "co-worker" is rendered in Latin as cooperator, and the traditional teaching of the Catholic Church does in fact consider priests to be cooperatores with the bishops. The problem with the word cooperator is not what it says, but what it does not say. The expression secundi meriti munus (office of second rank) definitely connotes the idea of subordination, which idea specifies the priest's place in the Church. The word "co-worker" does not of itself signify subordination, and the phrase "co-workers with the Order of bishops" does not necessarily mean that the Order of priests is intrinsically subordinate to the Order of bishops. One laborer could refer to another laborer as a "co-worker", although they are both equal in the dignity and performance of their task. In my opinion, this substitution constitutes a substantial change in the form of the 1975 English 10 version, thus making the new Ordinal invalid. But even in the case of the new Latin formula, where the case for invalidity may not be so obvious, there still arise some other formidable problems.
New Forms Must Be Judged In Context
It is not my purpose here to decide whether or not the supression of the word "ut" constitutes a substantial change in the ordination formula. It is sufficient to recall here what the Catholic bishops of England noted in A Vindication of the Bull "Apostolicae Curae":
Quote:that whereas the Church has embellished the beauties of the ordination ceremony by adding worthy prayers in the course of time, still she has guarded the prayers and ceremonies which have come down to her from the earliest ages, careful not to omit anything, for "in adhering rigidly to the rite handed down to us, we can always feel secure; whereas if we omit or change anything, we may perhaps be abandoning just that element which is essential."10
Now, one might insist that despite the change, the new Latin form is still capable of expressing the essential meaning necessary to confer the priesthood. But even the form given in the later Anglican Ordinal ("Receive the Holy Ghost for the office and work of a priest") could express the essential meaning of conferring Holy Orders. Yet, it was pronounced invalid by Pope Leo XIII. 11 The question is why.
The answer lies in the fact that the word "priest" lost its significance in the context in which it was used.
Quote:"Since," as Father Clark observes, "the meaning of words can be changed by human usage and convention, and the efficacy of sacramental words depends upon their meaning, it may happen that liturgical words which convey the sacramental symbolism in one context, do not do so in another."12
Thus, in Apostolicae curae Pope Leo XIII declares that the Anglican form is invalid even with the added words " ... for the office and work of a priest," since these words became, in the Anglican usage, "mere names, voided of the reality which Christ instituted. "13
Further, Father Clark himself holds that the only guarantee of validity rests on using "the exact words prescribed" by Pope Pius XII's Apostolic Constitution, Sacramentum Ordinis.14 Perhaps the exact words of the traditional Latin form guarantee validity, and cannot be nullified in any context, no matter how heterodox; but this new form of ordination, precisely because it does not use "the exact words prescribed", must be interpreted according to the same standards as the Anglican formula: in the context of the rite which surrounds it.
Nor did this fact escape Mr. Davies. He sagely explains in The Order of Melchisedech that:
Quote:... the use of the word "priest" in itself in no way denotes an acceptance of the Catholic concept of the priesthood (sacerdotium), as this word is used frequently throughout Cranmer's Ordinal. Reference to the sacerdotium must be looked for in specific references to the powers of a priest ordained to consecrate and offer sacrifice.15
The last statement leads Mr. Davies to conclude that, with regard to the new ceremony of priestly ordination, "this is a case where the intention of the rite must be deduced from other prayers and ceremonies surrounding the matter and form, which is referred to by theologians as signijicatio ex adjunctis."16 For this reason, the prayers and ceremonies which surround the form are of considerable importance, and demand close examination.
New Ceremonies Purged Of The Priesthood
Mr. Davies devotes the seventh chapter of his book to discerning "the native character and spirit" of the new Ordinal. The implications of what he discovers are profoundly disturbing. (For a fuller treatment, see The Order of Melchisedech.) He shows that, in every case, any definite references to a priesthood dedicated to offering the propitiatory Sacrifice of the Mass and endowed with true priestly powers as Catholics know them have been either entirely purged from the new rite or made optional:
Quote:... The traditional rite of ordination has been remodelled "in the most drastic manner," and, following Cranmer's example, has been achieved principally by the subtraction of "prayers and ceremonies in previous use," prayers and ceremonies which gave explicit sacerdotal signification to the indeterminate formula specified by Pius XII as the essential form. This formula does indeed state that the candidates for ordination are to be elevated to the priesthood-but so does the Anglican. Within the context of the traditional Roman Pontifical there was not the least suspicion of ambiguity-within the new rite there most certainly is.17
For an example of an optional passage, we can examine the Bishop's Charge which follows "a lengthy exhortation on the duty of preaching and instructing" :
Quote:... It is your ministry which will make the spiritual sacrifices of the faithful perfect by uniting them to the Eucharistic sacrifice of Christ. That sacrifice will be offered in an unbloody way through your hands. 18
Mr. Davies emphasizes that this Bishop's Charge is strictly optional and that "in the introduction to the ICEL version of the new rite stress is laid upon the fact that it is only an optional model." 19 The ordaining bishop is thus encouraged to adapt his remarks according to the choice of Scripture readings for the ceremony, rather than reading the Charge word for word.
Among the required prayers and admonitions of the new Ordinal, only two even approach a reference to the power of offering the Sacrifice of Calvary. Yet, neither of these makes any explicit mention of the propitiatory Sacrifice of the Cross. The very fact that the new rite of priestly ordination is directed to the offering of the New Mass, which is styled only a "sacrifice of praise and thanksgiving," makes the matter of these deletions all the more critical.
With A Little Help From My (Protestant) Friends ...
Not only the intrinsic character of the new Ordinal, but even the external circumstances of its origin, parallel those of the invalid Anglican Ordinal. Just as the Anglican authors enlisted the aid of heretical "reformers" in producing their new ritual, so also the Conciliar liturgists called upon Protestant representatives to advise them in the composition of their ecumenical service called the New Mass. Mr. Davies sees this as indicative of the climate in which the new sacramental rites were conceived:
Quote:Every informed Catholic knows of the six heterodox [Protestant] consultants whose help was invoked by Archbishop Bugnini in his "reform" of the Catholic liturgy. Every informed Catholic is aware of the historical climate during which the new rites originated and were publicly instituted-a climate which, as Pope John's Council shows, was permeated by a spirit of false ecumenism ready to minimise any Catholic belief or tradition in order to placate the Protestants. 20
Pope Leo XIII attached considerable importance to the historical circumstances which generated the Anglican ceremony. He mentions specifically the role of heretics from non-Catholic sects who were called upon by their English counterparts to help invent a new Ordinal. Such was their influence that they "corrupted the liturgical order in many ways to suit the errors of the reformers." The fruits of their labors bore the manifest stamp of heterodoxy-so manifest in fact, that the Pope could summarize briefly the whole affair with the words:
Quote:... let this argument suffice for all. From them [the prayers of the Anglican ordinal] has been deliberately removed all which sets forth the dignity and office of the priesthood in the Catholic rite. That "form" consequently cannot be considered apt or sufficient for the Sacrament which omits essentially that which it ought to signify. 21
The above statement concerns the inability of a rite to effect the sacramental grace which it fails to signify clearly. The use of such a ritual also indicates the intention of the man performing it. As the Pope explained, the Church does not judge concerning an intention which remains purely internal, but the Church can and must judge of an intention as it is externally manifested. Now, the intention of a man administering a sacrament is manifested first and foremost in the sacramental rite which he uses, so that the intention which is expressed by the ceremony is taken to be the minister's own intention. For this reason, Pope Leo says in Apostolicae curae that such a rite is not only inadequate in itself, but discredits the intention of the minister:
Quote:But if, on the contrary, the rite is changed with the manifest purpose of introducing another rite which is not accepted by the Church, and of repudiating that which the Church does, and which is something that by Christ's institution belongs to the nature of the sacrament, then it is evident not 'merely that the intention necessary for a sacrament is lacking, but rather that an intention is present which is adverse to and incompatible with the sacrament.
The case of Apostolicae curae against the validity of Anglican orders applies equally well to the new Ordinal of the Conciliar Church. Mr. Davies states his case well saying:
Quote:"If the new Catholic rite, shorn of any mandatory prayer signifying the essential powers of the priesthood, is valid, then there seems to be no reason why the 1662 Anglican rite should not be valid too, and still less can there be any objection to the 1977 Anglican series 3 Ordinal."22
He appears to conclude that if Apostolicae curae is correct, then the new ordination ritual must be invalid; and if the new ordination rite is valid, then Apostolicae curae - a professedly definitive papal decision - is wrong.
Decreeing SOWS' Ears Into Silk Purses?
Despite all the problems mentioned above, Mr. Davies does find two extrinsic arguments urging the validity of the new ceremony. The first argument
Quote:"is based on the contention that the Holy Ghost would not permit the supreme authority in the Church to promulgate an invalid sacramental rite."23
The second argument is counterpart to the first:
Quote:"The acceptance of a sacramental rite by virtually the entire Church also constitutes an irrefutable proof of its validity."24
Mr. Davies does not appear to put much stock in either of these arguments, since he follows them immediately by saying that "it does not seem unreasonable" to have reservations concerning the validity of the new rite, hence implying (in his book, at least) that an argument can be made for a reasonable doubt.
In answer to the first argument, bear in mind that the Holy Ghost permitted Vatican II to occur and to wreak havoc in the Church. So it seems hard to predict exactly what the Holy Ghost will or will not permit. Besides, if the Holy Ghost Himself guarantees the validity of the new Ordinal, did He permit Leo XIII to err in deciding a parallel case, and thus to delude millions of Anglican laity and clergy - and the whole Catholic world as well?
Regarding the second argument, Mr. Davies himself makes the excellent point that the text of the new ordination ritual has not been made generally available to the Catholic faithful. He remarks, " .. .it is hard to see how it can be claimed that a rite has been accepted by the entire Church when it is deliberately witheld from 99.9 percent of the faithful."25
One might add the further comment that "acceptance" is a positive act, and that, far from having positively accepted the new rites, many of the Catholic faithful seem to be bewildered by them and in a state of confusion, following along for want of any other obvious alternative. This certainly does not constitute an acceptance of the new rituals, but rather a hesitation over them-a suspension of judgment which is properly called a "doubt."
Although these two arguments fail, perhaps some will claim that papal authority makes the otherwise defective form to be valid, as though such authority could impose extrinsic validity. This idea seems to contradict the whole complex of Catholic sacramental theology. While it is true that a defective intention can invalidate a form sufficient in itself, nevertheless, neither a sufficient intention nor any external authority can make valid a form and a rite which is of itself defective. Can that same authority guarantee the validity of a rite when that authority was applied to purge from the sacramental ritual all that clearly signified the nature of the sacrament? Evidently not.
As a result of his examination of the Anglican Ordinal, Leo XIII concluded that Anglican ordinations were from the very beginning null and void. By applying the same criteria he used to the new ordination rite, we do not necessarily prove that it is invalid, but the application does show grounds for a prudent doubt concerning the validity of the new Ordinal. Hence, we are obliged to consider next the implications of this "prudent doubt."
No (Practical) Doubt About It
According to the respected Dominican theologian, Dominic Prümmer, "doubt" is a suspension of assent or a suspension of judgment. He follows Billuart in explaining that "Quote:to doubt is not to judge, but rather to suspend all judgment of assent, and to remain fluctuating between either side of a contradiction."26
The Jesuit moralist Augustine Lehmkuhl says that doubt is
Quote:"a state of mind in which a man gives no assent to either side, but remains suspended, embracing neither side definitely. "27
A doubt can rest on solid, well-founded reasons or only on weak and insignificant grounds. A doubt which has good, prudent reasons supporting it is called a "positive doubt", whereas a doubt founded on foolish grounds is termed a "negative doubt". Furthermore, a doubt can involve a matter which is merely speculative or it can concern something practical. Speculative doubt affects the intelligence and pertains to the truthfulness of a fact (such as whether or not it is 6 o'clock in the morning); practical doubt affects the will and involves the goodness of an action - that is, not only what must be thought, but what must be done (such as whether or not to get out of bed at 6 o'clock in the morning).
When questioning the validity of the new ordination rite, we are faced with a positive doubt which is both speculative and practical. We are in doubt as to whether or not in fact the new rite is valid, and consequently we are in doubt as to what must be done about it. As mentioned before, I shall not try to resolve the speculative doubt now, both because it is not possible in this short essay, and because it is not necessary in order to resolve the practical doubt of what is to be done.
In fact, according to the constant and common teaching of Catholic moral theologians, whenever there is a speculative doubt concerning the validity of a sacramental rite, then there is no practical doubt about what must be done. The doubt of a sacrament's validity gives one the practical certitude that he must neither attempt to confer it nor attempt to receive it. In the matter of the form of the new rite of Holy Orders, since it is at the very least doubtful, it is therefore illicit. For when it comes to the sacraments, one must use not only certainly valid matter, but also a certainly valid form, i.e., the words.
The Dominican moralist, Benedictus Merkelbach, instructs in his Summa theologiae moralis that with regard to what one must not do "the practical judgment becomes certain, even though there remains a speculative doubt". He insists that, in the administration of the sacraments, it is a grave sin against the natural law to use deliberately a rite which has doubtful validity. Fr. Merkelbach explains that, even though there are many good reasons in favor of validity, by one probable reason against validity, the rite becomes doubtfully valid and its use is certainly mortally sinful.
Quote:And so a doubt or opinion - no matter how probable it seems - cannot make what is not a sacrament to become a sacrament, nor transform into medicine what is actually poison. In this case, the certain natural law forbids one to expose himself to a danger of not obtaining the end or of bringing about evil, or to apply means which are utterly in-adequate or even harmful. To expose oneself to a danger of this kind "when in doubt concerning means necessary to salvation" is gravely illicit. In such matters, the safest and most certain course must be followed. 28
The above statement of Father Merkelbach can be applied to the question of the new Ordinal. Put simply, if there is a prudent doubt about the validity of the new rite of priestly ordination, then it would be gravely sinful to use that rite either to confer or to receive Holy Orders.
It is a serious sin to expose oneself unnecessarily to grave danger, whether physical or spiritual danger. When a man agrees to confer or receive such an important Sacrament as Holy Orders - with all that depends upon it for one's own salvation and the salvation of others - by means of a doubtful ritual, then he gambles with his own salvation, the salvation of countless others and risks dishonoring God by invalidly administering the sacraments of Penance, the Holy Eucharist, Extreme Unction and (if he presumes he is a bishop) Confirmation and Holy Orders as well.
Notice that Merkelbach insists that a doubtful form must not be used even though the arguments in favor of its validity are more probable than those against it. As long as there is a reasonable, prudent doubt concerning a rite's validity, a person may not administer it nor submit to it. Father Dominic Prümmer also makes this common teaching of theologians abundantly clear:
Quote:Since upon the matter and the form depends the validity of the sacraments, there is a grave obligation in conferring the sacraments to apply the matter and form which are certain and prescribed. Therefore, whenever there is question of the matter and the form, and thus of the validity of the sacraments, it is not licit to follow even a more probable opinion, or to apply a questionable form or matter. The reason is that the sacrament would be senselessly exposed to the danger of nullity, which would constitute a grave irreverence against God.29
On this issue the moral theologians commonly cite the authority of Pope Innocent XI, and Prümmer is no exception. On March 2, 1679 the Holy Office under that Pope condemned as false the proposition claiming that "it is not illicit when conferring the sacraments to follow a probable opinion on the validity of the sacrament, the safer course being abandoned, unless the law, convention or the danger of incurring grave harm forbid it. "30
After recounting this decision of the Holy Office, the Jesuit moralist Felix Cappello concludes that
Quote: "a minister who follows a merely probable opinion concerning the validity of a sacrament, having abandoned the safer course, sins mortally, both because the danger of frustrating the sacrament constitutes by its very nature a grave irreverence, and also because charity and justice are violated in a very serious matter."31
Father Cappello adds that the same sin would be committed by a man who receives such a questionable sacrament.32
A Doubtful Ordinal Makes Doubtful Priests
So far we have spoken only about the liceity of using a doubtful sacramental rite. But what of those who have already subjected themselves to the new rite of priestly ordination? Those questionably ordained priests by the new Ordinal-what of them? The mind of the Catholic Church is quite clear on this matter - clear in the common teaching of her theologians and the prescriptions of her laws. Father Felix Cappello maintains in his work De sacramentis that:
Quote:If a sacrament whose validity is in doubt is necessary either absolutely or respectively, or upon it still other things depend, then it must be "repeated", as long as the validity of the sacrament is not morally certain.
In which case, it is necessary to "repeat" the sacraments of Baptism, Holy Orders, absolution of the dying, Extreme Unction for one dying without the use of his senses, and the consecration of the Sacred Offerings lest they present the danger of idolatry. In such cases the principle commonly admitted by theologians is this: "If it is licit to repeat, then it is necessary to repeat. "33
That this is indeed the common teaching of Catholic theologians is supported by the Jesuit Father Augustinus Lehmkuhl, who expresses the same doctrine in almost identical words.34
Both of these respected theologians speak of the need for the sacraments to be "morally certain." According to the Redemptorist moral theologian Joseph Aertnys, "moral certainty" arises from the common and customary practice and the general natural inclinations of men. Thus for example, one is morally certain that a mother will not deliberately poison her children.35 But with the new rite of ordination, there is no common and customary practice of the Church in its favor; it is something new which has purposely excluded all that was common and customary practice of the Church in the ordination of priests. One may try to parallel the example of the mother and her children, by arguing that the hierarchy of the Church would not deliberately give poisonous (invalid) sacramental rites to the faithful. Yet we have plenty of evidence to the contrary.
Finally, the re-iteration of a sacramental rite is to be done even though there are many more probable reasons favoring the validity of its first administration. This has already been made clear by the moralists cited, and is further attested by another Jesuit theologian, Aloysius Sabetti, who refers to the authority of Saint Alphonsus in saying:
Quote:But if there exists a prudent doubt as to whether the sacraments of Baptism, Confirmation and Holy Orders were truly and validly conferred, then they are to be conferred again conditionally. Indeed, the more necessary the sacraments are, then the more readily they are to be re-iterated, also those which are conferred but once, that is Baptism and Holy Orders, even though there is a much greater probability favoring the validity of the sacrament...36
The need to "repeat" a sacramental ritual of doubtful validity is not only the common position of Catholic theologians. The law of the Church itself prescribes that such a sacramental ceremony be verified by repetition. Canon 732 of the [1917] Code of Canon Law reads as follows:
(1) The sacraments of Baptism, Confirmation and Holy Orders, which imprint a character, may not be repeated.
(2) But if there exists a prudent doubt as to whether they were conferred truly and validly, they are to be conferred again conditionally.
The law of the Church thus provides that a priest whose ordination is doubtful must seek conditional ordination to render his orders certain. The doubtful character of the new Ordinal renders doubtful the priestly orders of a man who submits to it. The unavoidable consequence is that a man ordained according to the new ordination rite cannot be morally certain of his priesthood, and must verify them by seeking ordination according to the certain, traditional rite of the Church. This duty constitutes a grave obligation in conscience.
Truth In The Service Of Charity
We have seen the principles of Catholic theology as they apply to a doubtful rite of priestly ordination. Now it remains to summarize those principles:
(1) It is objectively a mortal sin to perform a doubtful ordination rite.
(2) It is objectively a mortal sin to submit to a doubtful ordination rite.
(3) It is objectively a mortal sin to seek the sacraments from men ordained according to a doubtful rite, since their orders are not morally certain.
(4) It is objectively a mortal sin for a man ordained with a doubtful ordinal to presume to administer the sacraments.
(5) Men ordained according to a doubtful rite must seek conditional ordination according to a certainly valid rite of the Church, and from a man whose episcopal consecration is morally certain.
When it comes to applying these points, to the new post-Conciliar rite of ordination, it must be remembered that I do not claim to have proven that the new rite is invalid. This question can only be definitively and authoritatively settled at some future time by the Church's magisterium. But I do maintain that there is sufficient evidence to establish a prudent doubt about its validity - a prudent doubt based on Pope Leo XIII's decision on Anglican orders pronounced in Apostolicae Curae.
Many men ordained with the new Ordinal will scoff at these conclusions. Many will dismiss them out of hand. Others will discount them with the thought: "But I know I am a priest, I feel certain I am a priest." Let them recall that a goodly number of Anglican ministers rejected Pope Leo's decision because deep down in their hearts they believed that they were priests. But they were not.
The Pope's decision was considered "un-charitable" by the Protestant divines of his day. Perhaps this present essay will provoke the same reaction. But charity is always served by truth, even when it hurts-perhaps especially when the truth hurts. Mr. Davies said well: "The cause of ecumenism is not helped by raising false hopes." And I might add " ... nor is charity served by dissimulation."
[All emphasis mine.]
FOOTNOTES
1. Davies, Michael, The Order of Melchisedech, (Devon, England; Augustine Publishing Company: 1979), p.74.
2. Ibid., pp.79, 88, 126.
3. Clark, Francis, S.J., Anglican Orders and Defect of Intention, (London, New York, Toronto; Longmans, Green and Company: 1956), p.183, quoted in Davies, op. cit., p.126.
4. This argument favoring the validity of the new Ordinal is not conclusive because Father Clark's opinion is just that-an opinion-and is not theologically certain. The Jesuit priest appears to recognize this himself when he uses the words "it would seem that" to introduce his thesis. There are, in fact, equally noted theologians who would disagree with Father Clark, or at least qualify his statement. For example, another Jesuit theologian, Father Felix Cappello, maintains that the bare words of the form are not enough; the words of the formula must also be presented in a "consecratory manner". He says: "For validity, there is required, besides no substantial change, ... that the words of the formula be presented in a consecratory manner, and not just in an historical, instructional or promissory way." Tractatus Canonico-Moralis de Sacramentis, (Turin, Italy; Marietti Editori, Ltd.: 1962), Vol. I, lib. 1, cap. 1, art. II, "De materia et forma". C.f. also O'Connei, J.B., The Celebration of Mass, (London, Burns and Oates: 1956), 4th edition.
5. Davies, op. cit., p.99.
6. Davies, Michael, "The Archbishop and the Sacraments," The Angelus, (November, 1980: p.27). In the same article, Mr. Davies misrepresents the position of Archbishop Lefebvre. He says that "he [the Archbishop) insists upon the validity of the New Mass ... and will not allow any priest to remain within the Society" who disagrees with this position. In fact, the Archbishop does not require priests of the Society of St. Pius X to believe that the New Mass is valid, but he does insist that they refrain from declaring it definitely invalid ex se. As well, Archbishop Lefebvre takes the prudent position that only the Magisterium of the Church can decide such a difficult question definitively at some future date.
7. Davies, op. cit., p. xiv, Foreword.
8. The Liturgical Press edition (Collegeville, Minnesota) gives the text here as " ... may they attain the second order in the hierarchy ... " (emphasis added).
9. Davies, op. cit., p.77.
10. A Vindication of the Bull Apostolicae Curae: A Letter on Anglican Orders by the Cardinal Archbishop and Bishops of the Province of Westminster, (London, New York and Bombay; Longmans Green and Company: 1898).
11. Pope Leo XIII, Apostolic Letter Apostolicae curae, Sept. 13, 1896.
12. Clark, op. cit., pp.182-3.
13. Apostolicae curae, tr. Catholic Truth Society, London, ed. 1968, para. 31.
14. Clark, op.cit., p.183.
15. Davies, op. cit., p.77.
16. Ibid., p.79.
17. Ibid., p.74.
18. The new Ordinal published in English by the Liturgical Press (Collegeville, Minnesota) prefaces this "Bishop's Charge" with the instruction: "Then all sit and the bishop ad-dresses the people and the candidates on the duties of a priest. He may use the following words." (Emphasis added). The Latin text is as follows: "Deinde, omnibus sedentibus, Episcopus alloquitur populum et Electos de munere Presbyteri; quod facere potest his verbis." (Emphasis added).
19. Davies, op. cit., p.85.
20. Ibid., p.75.
21. Apostolicae curae, ed. ut supra, par.27.
22. Davies, op. cit., p.97.
23. Ibid., p.99.
24. Ibid., loco cit.
25. Ibid., p.100.
26. Prummer, Dominic, O.P., Manuale Theologiae Moralis, (Friburgi, Brisgoviae; Herder and Company: 1923), third edition, tomus I, pars I, tract. IV "De conscientia", cap. V, art. II "De conscientia dubia".
27. Lehmkuhl, Augustinus, S.J., Theologia Moralis, (Friburgi, Brisgoviae; B. Herder: 1914), tract. II, sect. I, cap. II, art. II "De conscientia certa et dubia" .
28. Merkelbach, Benedictus, O.P., Theolgia Moralis Generalis, (Paris, Typis Desclee de Brouwer et Soc.: 1930), tract. "De conscientia in generali" , art. II "De certitudine cons-cientiae". Merkelbach prefaces his conclusion with a fuller explanation which reads in translation as follows:
"The practical judgment becomes certain, even though there remains a speculative doubt, and the conscience becomes certain of a special obligation whenever there is a certain and absolute obligation of obtaining a definite end which otherwise could not be obtained at all-that is, as often as a good effect (such as salvation, a sacrament, health) must be absolutely obtained or an evil effect (such as injury, death, damnation) must be absolutely avoided, but one doubts not only about the permissibility but also about the necessity of effectiveness of the means to obtain this required thing and for the validity of this act. That is to say, a higher law intervenes which dictates that 'in doubt concerning the validity of performing an action, the safer course must be followed.' From this reflex judgment, an obligation which is objectively uncertain becomes subjectively certain. The reason for this is, while the legality of an action depends upon our reason and our conscience, the validity of an action or the avoidance of damage do not depend on our reason or conscience, since our doubt and our judgment do not alter the nature of things, nor can they make an invalid act into a valid one, nor cause that some due effect should follow from an act or prevent the harm that would follow from it." (Emphasis added).
29. Prummer, op. cit., tomus III, tract. I "De sacramentis in genere", cap. I, art. III, para. 4 "De certitudine materiae et for-mae".
30. Enchirdion Symbolorum, (Denzinger-Schoenmetzer, eds.). no. 2101 is a condemnation of the first proposition of the moral laxiorists.
31. Cappello, op. cit., vol. 1. lib. I, cap. I "De natura sacramen-torum", art. IV "An in sacramentis ministrandis et suscipiendis liceat sequi opinionem probabilem."
32. Ibid., loco cit.
33. Ibid., vol. I, lib. I, cap. I, art. III "De sacramentorum iteratione." The Latin word for re-performing a sacramental ceremony is "iteratio". It does not mean, of course, that the sacrament is given again, but only that the sacramental ritual is repeated correctly to insure validity.
34. Lehmkuhl, op. cit., "De sacramentis generatim," "De sacramentis iterandis", Regula III.
35. Aertnys, J, et Damen, C.A., C.SS.R., Theologia Moralis, (Turin, Italy; Domus Editorialis Marietti: 1947), 15th edition, lib. I, tract. III "De conscientia", cap. III, art. I "Conscientia certa" .
36. Sabetti, Aloysius, S.J., Compendium Theologiae Moralis, (Ratisbonne, Rome and New York; Fr. Pustet and Company: 1898), 15th edition, tract. XI "De sacramentis in genere", cap. II "De materia et forma sacramentorum.”
The Roman Catholic © Copyright, 1981, William Jenkins. Reprint available for $1.00. The Roman Catholic, Box 217, Oyster Bay NY 11771. Father Jenkins did his philosophical and theological studies at the University of Innsbruck (Austria) and the Pontifical University of Saint Thomas Aquinas In Urfie (the Angelicum, Rome) and completed his studies for the priesthood at Econe, Switzerland. He is now Professor of Philosophy and Dogmatic Theology at Saint Thomas Aquinas Seminary in Ridgefield, Connecticut.
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Validity? Let Tradition Answer! |
Posted by: Stone - 04-26-2021, 07:26 AM - Forum: New Rite Sacraments
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Copied from The Catacombs archives:
There has been much talk about validity in the last several months in Resistance circles: validity of sacraments, validity of ordinations, validity of Orthodox ministers, etc. It is always good to remind ourselves that validity does not necessarily equal 'grace-giving'. Nor does the validity of a sacrament necessitate an obligation to partake of it if it is not licit, if it leads to error, if it is poisoned. All of the quotes from traditional bishops and priests below may perhaps be summarized in this way:
The New Rites of the Conciliar Church lead to error and heresy, particularly of Protestantism and Ecumenism. They were formulated to lead to the 'cult of man' and away from the cult of God; to be man-centered rather than God-centered; hence poisonous. The Church has already spoken on how we must treat these New Rites. We treat of them as we would any other, perhaps valid but nonetheless, schismatic rites and schismatic ministers: We do NOT approach them! Validity is not enough!
Let these authorities, whom all Catholics respect, remind us of how the Church sees and settles these questions!
✠ ✠ ✠
1917 Catholic Encyclopedia
Thus ... it is not lawful to act on mere probability when the validity of the sacraments is in question. Again, it is not lawful to act on mere probability when there is question of gaining an end which is obligatory, since certain means must be employed to gain a certainly required end. Hence, when eternal salvation is at stake, it is not lawful to be content with uncertain means. www.newadvent.org/cathen/12441a.htm
Archbishop Lefebvre
- “It must be understood immediately that we do not hold to the absurd idea that if the New Mass is valid, we are free to assist at it. The Church has always forbidden the faithful to assist at the Masses of heretics and schismatics even when they are valid. It is clear that no one can assist at sacrilegious Masses or at Masses which endanger our faith.…All these innovations are authorized. One can fairly say without exaggeration that most of these [new] Masses are sacrilegious acts which pervert the Faith by diminishing it. The de-sacralization is such that these Masses risk the loss of their supernatural character, their mysterium fidei; they would then be no more than acts of natural religion. These New Masses are not only incapable of fulfilling our Sunday obligation, but are such that we must apply to them the canonical rules which the Church customarily applies to communicatio in sacris with Orthodox Churches and Protestant sects.” (The New Mass and the Pope, November, 8, 1979)
- “The radical and extensive changes made in the Roman Rite of the Holy Sacrifice of the Mass and their resemblance to the modifications made by Luther oblige Catholics who remain loyal to their faith to question the validity of this new rite.”(Écône, February 2, 1977)
- “Your perplexity takes perhaps the following form: may I assist at a sacrilegious Mass which is nevertheless valid, in the absence of any other, in order to satisfy my Sunday obligation? The answer is simple: these Masses cannot be the object of an obligation; we must moreover apply to them the rules of moral theology and Canon Law as regards the participation or the attendance at an action which endangers the faith or may be sacrilegious. The New Mass, even when said with piety and respect for the liturgical rules, is subject to the same reservations since it is impregnated with the spirit of Protestantism. It bears within it a poison harmful to the faith.” (An Open Letter to Confused Catholics, Ch. 4)
- “The current problem of the Mass is an extremely serious problem for the Holy Church. I believe that if the dioceses and seminaries and works that are currently done are struck with sterility, it is because the recent deviations drew upon us the divine curse. All the efforts that are made to hang on to what is being lost, to reorganize, reconstruct, rebuild, all that is struck with sterility, because we no longer have the true source of holiness which is the Holy Sacrifice of the Mass. Profaned as it is, it no longer gives grace, it no longer makes grace pass.” (Archbishop Lefebvre, August 1972, priestly retreat)
- My dear friends, we have been betrayed. Betrayed by all of those who ought to be giving us the truth, who ought to be teaching the Ten Commandments, who ought to be teaching us the true catechism, who ought to be giving us the true Mass – the one that the Church has always loved; the one that was said by the Saints; the one that has sanctified generations and generations! Likewise, they must give us all the Sacraments, without any doubt concerning their validity, Sacraments which are certainly valid. It is a duty for us to ask them for these things and they have a duty to give them to us. [...] We have the duty not to collaborate in the Church's destruction. But, on the contrary, to work – to work ardently, calmly, serenely, for the Church's construction, for the re-construction of the Church, for the preservation of the Church. Each one of you can do your duty in this regard-in your villages, in your parishes, in your institutions, in your professions – wherever you are. Set up true parishes, Catholic parishes. And let these Catholic parishes be confided to true priests. (Sermon - Ordinations June 29, 1978)
- In many cases, Masses by their translation, by the intention (of the celebrant), for many reasons are probably no longer valid. But, nevertheless, personally, I have always said, in fact, that if the Mass was said according to the rite approved by Pope Paul VI, in Latin, and with the intention of doing what the Church does, and, obviously, with the (valid) matter also, by a priest who is a real Catholic priest, I think that the Mass is in effect valid, although it does not necessarily follow that because it is valid we must inevitably attend it. (Interview with the Houston Chronicle, May 1983)
- My judgment is, given that this [New] Mass, as I had occasion to remark when interrogated by the Holy Office, is that this Mass is a Mass which has been poisoned, and one cannot oblige a person in conscience to receive poison. Consequently, if these people do not wish to go to Mass on Sunday, for example, because they are aware that it is a poison for their souls, they are certainly not committing a mortal sin. (ibid.)
- What we can say, objectively, as a general rule, is that it is a danger to the faith to attend such Masses. Subjectively, we must take into consideration the individual, and consequently we must know how to judge as a (good) pastor and not only purely in an objective manner, as if we had nothing to do with human beings who find themselves by consequences in diverse circumstances. (ibid.)
- Obviously, the orthodoxy of the priest does not change the quality or the situation of the New Mass. (Even if a priest is well intentioned, a doubtful Mass will remain doubtful.) This is what they tell me in Rome: "You say that the Mass of the Pope is not good; you say that the Mass of certain cardinals is not good." I must reply "yes," because this concerns an objective question, that this Mass was made with the help of Protestants, finalized in a spirit of ecumenical protestantism, and that the essential elements of the Mass are tainted more or less. Consequently, the faith is no longer expressed as it should be expressed, in such a way that the people finish by having an ecumenical spirit and a Protestant spirit, which is excessively dangerous. (ibid.)
- “The Conciliar Church, having now reached everywhere, is spreading errors contrary to the Catholic Faith and, as a result of these errors, it has corrupted the sources of grace, which are the Holy Sacrifice of the Mass and the Sacraments. This false church is in a ever-deeper state of rupture with the Catholic Church. Resulting on theses principles and facts is the absolute need to continue the Catholic episcopacy in order to continue the Catholic Church. … This is how the succession of the bishops came about in the early Church in union with Rome, as we are too in union with Catholic Rome and not modernist Rome.” (Archbishop Lefebvre, Sermon)
- "It is all wasted because the holy Sacrifice of the Mass, desecrated as it is, no longer confers grace and no longer transmits it." (Open Letter to Confused Catholics Ch. III pg. 19.)
- “… So, if someone asks me: ‘I only have Mass of St. Pius V once a month. So what should I do on the other Sundays? Should I go to the New Mass if I do not have the Mass of St. Pius V?’ I reply: Just because something is poisoned, obviously it is not going to poison you if you go on the odd occasion, but to go regularly on Sunday like that, little by little the notions will be lost, the dogmas will diminish. They will become accustomed to this ambiance which is no longer Catholic and they will very slowly lose the Faith in the Real Presence, lose the Faith in the Holy Sacrifice of the Mass, and have a spirituality, since the prayers are changed and they have modified everything, in the sense of another spirituality. It is a new conception of Christian spirituality. There is no longer any ascetical effort, no longer a combat against sin, no longer a spiritual combat. There is a great need to combat against our own tendencies, against our faults, against everything which leads us to sin. So I would say to them: Listen, I cannot advise you to go to something which is evil. Myself, I would not go because I would not want to take in this atmosphere. I cannot. It is stronger than me. I cannot go. I would not go. So I advise you not to go.” (Spiritual Conference at Écône, 25th June, 1981)
- “This Mass is poisoned, it is bad and it leads to the loss of faith little by little. We are clearly obliged to reject it.” (The Mass of All Times, p.353)
- “... because priests and faithful have a strict right to have shepherds who profess the Catholic Faith in its entirety, essential for the salvation of their souls, and to have priests who are true Catholic priests. Secondly, because the Conciliar Church, having now reached everywhere, is spreading errors contrary to the Catholic Faith and, as a result of these errors, it has corrupted the sources of grace, which are the Holy Sacrifice of the Mass and the Sacraments. This false Church is in an ever-deeper state of rupture with the Catholic Church.” (Letter to Bishop Castro de Mayer, December 1990)
- "Fr. Williamson tells me some of you have a difficulty in understanding, concerning the New Rite of ordination, and over the 'New Rite' Sacraments. The rule of theology for the condition of validity of Sacraments, can be found in (your manuals) of Theology. We must perform an application of these conditions. . .to the new rite Sacraments of the reform of Vatican II. In some cases it is very difficult to know if it is valid or not. Especially in the vernacular translations of the form of the sacraments. In Latin it is easier to know if its valid or invalid, but in the vernacular, it is very difficult to know if some words invalidate a sacrament. So we must do, in some cases, a detailed study of that case. You know that many priests today change the form of the Sacrament! That is. another difficulty in determining validity or invalidity, e.g. 'What did this bishop say when he did this sacrament? A bishop said, e.g. concerning the form of Confirmation... that it was certainly valid (in the vernacular).' We ask; 'Well, what did he say? What did he do?' We must perform an examination of these things before we can say they are valid or invalid. We must study each case." (Conferences to the Seminarians in Ridgefield, April 25, 1983)
- "It is very difficult, as in the case of the ordination of new priests, because ...what do they have as the intention when they perform the Sacraments? What is a Sacrament for the young priest now (in the Conciliar Church)? Is it a sign, a symbol? (For them)... it has no signification. Many of these young priests, they do not know what 'Grace' is... they do not know. They do not believe in Original Sin. What do they do when they give the Sacrament of Baptism? What do they think this Sacrament does? They do not know! (ibid.)
- "It is very difficult, we know that. But we cannot saying 'All the Sacraments are invalids' , without performing an examination, . .we cannot say that. We must do a study. For example you may say, in this country (they do this), in this diocese, (they do that), etc... we must consider these things before passing judgment. We cannot say, 'a priori', that all sacraments are invalid. . .no. . .For example, we. do not know what oil they use for the Sacrament of Confirmation. (ibid.)
- "If you read in your dictionary of theology about the Sacrament of Confirmation, the conclusion is that, if (as was the case before Vatican II), they do not use olive oil, then it is not a valid Confirmation. But now, in the new Canon Law, either olive oil or 'other oils' may be used! Valid? Invalid? If they use olive oil or peanut oil? It is invalid if it is not olive oil, because in the Catechism of the Council of Trent, they say we must use olive oil, not any other oil, for validity. The situation is very difficult now for us... but I think after 10 or 20 years it will be even. more difficult for you, because the situation is getting progressively worse with time. . .they change ...no rite to give the Sacrament (no rule), etc." (ibid.)
- "Now, for priestly ordinations it is the same situation. We must see what they have done in each case, and to determine if the form was: valid or not, we must do a study. In some cases, some theologians are against the validity, while some theologians are for validity, etc." (ibid.)
- "In the Anglican Ordinations you know that the Church spent 3 &1/2 centuries (studying its validity), before finally giving a decision about the validity of Anglican Ordinations, i.e., that they are invalid. It is only after 350 years that we are finally sure that the Anglican Ordinations are invalid! (laughingly) Oh... it is very difficult to come to a decision (on the new rite) in one week!” (ibid.)
- "If we think truly that a Sacrament is (most likely) invalid, then we must redo the Sacrament conditionally. (ibid.)
- "In practice, we must study each sacrament, each circumstance where these sacraments are given. One bishop said the words of Confirmation with another form? We do not know. We must investigate and find out which form. The same with the oil he used, etc. Perhaps its valid, invalid...we must do an inquisition. (ibid.)
- "... we believe that what the Catholics have taught, what the Popes have taught, what the Councils have taught for twenty centuries, we cannot possibly abandon. We cannot possibly change our faith: we have our Credo, and we will keep it till we die. We cannot change our Credo, we cannot change the Holy Sacrifice of the Mass, we cannot change our Sacraments, changing them into human works, purely human, which no longer carry the grace of Our Lord Jesus Christ. It is because, in fact, we feel and are convinced that in the last fifteen years something has happened in the Church, something has happened in the Church which has introduced into the highest summits of the Church, and into those who ought to defend our faith, a poison, a virus, which makes them adore the golden calf of this age, adore, in some sense, the errors of this age. To adopt the world, they wish to adopt also the errors of the world; by opening on to the world, they wish also to open themselves to the errors of the world, those errors which say, for example, that all religions are of equal worth. We cannot accept that, those errors which say that the social reign of Our Lord Jesus Christ is now an impossibility and should no longer be sought. We do not accept that." (ibid.)
- So, something has happened in the Church: the Church since the Council, already some time before the Council, during the Council, and throughout the reforms, has chosen to take a new direction, to have Her new priests, Her new priesthood, a new type of priest as has been said, She has chosen to have a new Sacrifice of the Mass, or rather let us say a new Eucharist; She has chosen to have a new catechism, She has chosen to have new seminaries, She has chosen to reform Her religious congregations. (On the Occasion of the First Solemn Mass of Fr. Denis Roch 1976)
- And so they reformed the Mass, [they made] the New Mass, the new sacraments, the new catechisms, the new Bible. All is changed by the spirit of ecumenism, to be closer to the Protestants. And the result is that many Catholics abandon their Faith and many become Protestants, or another religion, or they abandon all religion. We can see in your seminaries, in your convents, in your monasteries—where are the vocations? That is the destruction of the Church! So we must keep our Catholic Faith. We must remain in the Tradition of the Catholic Church! Doing that, we follow all Popes before the Council until Pope Pius XII. He was a very holy Pope and he remained in the Catholic Faith. (Changes in the Sacraments...we are like Protestants 1985)
- "By your attitude of refusal of the New Order of Mass and the new rites, you give the impression that these rites are invalid. "
It is one thing to say that they are invalid, and another to say that they are bad. We say that they are bad because the intention which governed these changes is bad. It is that expressed by Mgr. Bugniniin the L'OsservatoreRomano of 19 March 1965. The modifications introduced into the rites are also opposed to the doctrine of the Holy Mass and the Sacraments. Our pastoral attitude which refuses these reforms follows from this. The facts confirm our pastoral action. We are witnessing the loss of faith among the faithful and the clergy. When the Faith runs the risk of being changed or perverted nothing must be neglected to avoid this perversion. This is an elementary moral principle. (Principles and Directives - 1982 General Chapter)
- With regard to validity, moral theology and Canon Law indicate the necessary conditions: A validly ordained minister, the correct matter and form, and the intention of doing what the Church does, i.e., what she has always done and has the intention of doing and that which she will always do. It should be noted that the study of this validity should especially be made from now on with the translations which are in use, given that Latin is no longer used. In this case it is easy to reveal the wrong ideas of the liturgical commissions which profit from this to use Protestant terminology. The confusion is total, and the danger of invalidity is very great. In this domain "auto-destructions" causes havoc. This is yet another important incentive to refuse the reforms and to draw one's inspiration for pastoral action from the attitude of the Church with regard to schismatic and heretical sects.(Ibid.)
Bishop de Castro Mayer- “It seems to me preferable that scandal be given rather than a situation be maintained in which one slides into heresy. After considerable thought on the matter, I am convinced that one cannot take part in the New Mass, and even just to be present one must have a serious reason. We cannot collaborate in spreading a rite which, even if it is not heretical, leads to heresy. This is the rule I am giving my friends.” (Letter to Archbishop Lefebvre, 29th Jan., 1970)
Bishop Tissier- “Clearly, we cannot accept this faked new rite of ordination that leaves doubts concerning the validity of numerous ordinations done according to the new rite. Thus this new rite of ordination is not Catholic. And so we will of course faithfully continue to transmit the real and valid priesthood by the traditional priestly rite of ordination.” Questionable priestly ordinations in the Conciliar Church
Fr. Gregory Hesse - "Based on what has been stated by Archbishop Lefebvre, namely that the Newmass is a "schismatic rite", we would like to quote Pope Leo XIII and Saint Thomas Aquinas to prove that even though a schismatic sacrament may be valid, it does not have the guarantee of the graces and fruits that normally would flow from them, and also that they are like an amputated member of body (Church):
"From this it follows also that they cannot promise themselves any of the graces and fruits of the perpetual sacrifice and of the sacraments which although they are sacrilegiously administered are none the less valid and serve in some measure to form an appearance of piety, which St Paul mentions I Corinthians chapter 13 and which St. Augustine speaks of at greater length." (Serm. LXXI, in Matth., 32) Pope Leo XIII Eximia Leatitia, July 19, 1893, to the bishops of Poitiers
"The form of the branch may still be visible, even apart from the wine, but the invisible life of the root can be preserved only in union with the stock. That is why the corporal sacraments, which some keep and use outside the unity of Christ, can preserve the appearance of piety. But the invisible and spiritual virtue of true piety cannot abide there anymore than feeling can remain in an amputated member." (Sermon of St. Augustine on the Gospel of St. Matthew). So there's no grace that flows from their sacraments.
"And since the conservation of the Eucharist is a power which follows the power of Order, such persons as are separated from the Church by heresy, schism, or excommunication, can indeed consecrate the Eucharist, which on being consecrated by them contains Christ's true body and blood; but they act wrongly and sin by doing so; and in consequence they do not receive the fruit of the sacrifice, which is a spiritual sacrifice." St. Thomas Aquinas [IIIa q. 82 art. 7, c]
"The priest, in reciting the prayers of the Mass, speaks in the person of the church, in whose unity he remains; but in consecrating the sacrament he speaks in the person of Christ, whose place he holds by the power of his Orders. Consequently, a priest severed from the unity of the Church celebrates Mass, not having lost the power of Order, he consecrates Christ's true body and blood; but because he is severed from the unity of the Church, his prayers have no efficacy. St. Thomas Aquinas [IIIa q. 82 art. 7, ad 3um]
- The New Mass “is not a work of the Church.” It is “schismatic, it’s also doubtful.” “How can you fulfil your Sunday obligation at a Mass that’s not pleasing to God? It’s absurd! … You’d rather stay home than go to the New Mass.” (www.youtube.com/watch?v=kaGLel1_uXY - 33m.ff.)
Fr. David Hewko- "The moral theology of the Church insists that we are not allowed to be “probabiliorists” with the sacraments, but always take the safest side ensuring validity and legitimacy, that is, the “tutiorist” position." (Brief Statement of Fr. Hewko - February 2019)
Father Peter Scott- “However, regardless of the gravity of the sacrilege, the New Mass still remains a sacrilege, and it is still in itself sinful. Furthermore, it is never permitted to knowingly and willingly participate in an evil or sinful thing, even if it is only venially sinful. […] Consequently, it is not permissible for a traditional Catholic, who understands that the New Mass is insulting to Our Divine Savior, to assist at the New Mass, and this even if there is no danger of scandal to others or of the perversion of one’s own Faith (as in an older person, for example), and even if it is the only Mass available.” (Fr. Peter Scott, “Questions & Answers”, The Angelus magazine, September 2002)
- It would, indeed, be tragic if all traditional priests did not have moral certitude as to their ordination, and if there existed two different grades of priests, a higher grade ordained in Tradition, and a lower grade. It is for this reason that the superiors have the right to insist on conditional re-ordination for any priest turning towards Tradition, and will only accept ordinations in the conciliar Church after having investigated both priestly and episcopal ordinations and established moral certitude.
Archbishop Lefebvre clearly recognized his obligation of providing priests concerning whose ordination there was no doubt. It was one of the reasons for the episcopal consecrations of 1988, as he declared in the sermon for the occasion:
You well know, my dear brethren, that there can be no priests without bishops. When God calls me—this will certainly not be long—from whom would these seminarians receive the sacrament of Orders? From conciliar bishops, who, due to their doubtful intentions, confer doubtful sacraments? This is not possible."
He continued, explaining that he could not leave the faithful orphans, nor abandon the seminarians who entrusted themselves to him, for “they came to our seminaries, despite all the difficulties that they have encountered, in order to receive a true ordination to the priesthood...” (Fr. Francois Laisney, Archbishop Lefebvre and the Vatican, p.120). He considered it his duty to guarantee the certitude of the sacrament of holy orders by the consecration of bishops in the traditional rite, who would then ordain only in the traditional rite.
We must observe the same balance as Archbishop Lefebvre. On the one hand, it is our duty to avoid the excess of sedevacantism, which unreasonably denies the very validity and existence of the post-conciliar Church and its priesthood. On the other hand, however, we must likewise reject the laxist and liberal approach that does not take seriously the real doubts that can arise concerning the validity of priestly ordinations in the post-conciliar Church, failing to consider the enormous importance and necessity of a certainly valid priesthood for the good of the Church, for the eternal salvation of souls, and for the tranquility of the consciences of the faithful. Given the gravity of these issues, it is not even a slight doubt that is acceptable. Hence the duty of examining in each particular case the vernacular form of priestly ordination, the intention of the ordaining bishop, the rite of consecration of the ordaining bishop, and the intention of the consecrators.
Just as the superiors take seriously their duty of guaranteeing the moral certitude of the holy orders of their priests, whether by means of conditional ordination or careful investigation (when possible), so also must priests who join the Society accept conditional ordination in case of even slight positive doubt, and so also must the faithful recognize that each case is different and accept the decision of those who alone are in a position to perform the necessary investigations.
For regardless of the technical question of the validity of a priest’s holy orders, we all recognize the Catholic sense that tells us that there can be no mixing of the illegitimate new rites with the traditional Catholic rites, a principle so simply elucidated by Archbishop Lefebvre on June 29, 1976:
"We are not of this religion. We do not accept this new religion. We are of the religion of all time, of the Catholic religion. We are not of that universal religion, as they call it today. It is no longer the Catholic religion. We are not of that liberal, modernist religion that has its worship, its priests, its faith, its catechisms, its Bible."
(Fr. Peter Scott,"Must priests who come to Tradition be re-ordained?" Angelus 2007)
Fr. Matthias Gaudron- “Q.65 - Is it permissible to take part in the New Mass?
Even if the New Mass is valid, it is displeasing to God inasmuch as it is ecumenical and protestantising; moreover it represents a danger to our faith in the Holy Sacrifice of the Mass. Thus it must be rejected. Whoever has understood the problem of the New Mass must no longer attend it because he would be deliberately endangering his faith, and at the same time this would be encouraging others to do likewise be seeming to assent to the reforms.
Surely one may attend a New Mass when it is devoutly and piously celebrated by a Catholic priest with an absolutely unquestionable faith?
The celebrant is not the issue, but the rite he uses. … The New Mass is one of the main sources of the current crisis of faith. It is thus imperative to distance oneself from it.”
- “Q.66 - May one attend the New Mass in some circumstances?
One should apply the rules analogous to those governing attendance at non-Catholic ceremonies to attendance at the New Mass. One may attend for family or professional reasons, but without actively participating; and, of course, one does not go to Communion.” (Fr. Matthias Gaudron, ‘Catechism of the Crisis in the Church,’ Q65ff (Angelus Press 2010 edition, p.152 ff.)
Fr. Wathen [Disclaimer: The Catacombs does not in any way support the Feeneyite position which was held by Fr. Wathen at some point.]- The "New Mass" is one of the productions of the Revolution, one of its tools of subversion, and the language of the "New Mass" is in the genre of the Revolution. Those who mean to assess the "New Mass" should not expect to find in it that clarity of thought and intention which one expects in the articulations of the Sacred Magisterium of the Church. They should not expect to find clear-cut affirmations or negations. They will find truth suggested - as well as many shades of its opposite. The only consistency they will find is the effort to confuse and to mislead, a refusal to debate fairly, but no legally admissible evidence of the conspiracy that is afoot. For this reason, the authors of the "New Mass" cannot be convicted of heresy. An ordinary heretic boldly teaches his false belief, firmly denies traditional dogma, and, sometimes, is willing to die in defense of his contentions. The Revolutionary will seem to believe whatever it serves his immediate purpose to believe, will take any shape which pragmatic need dictates. (Fr. James Wathen, The Great Sacrilege)
- For this reason also, the effort to decide the validity of the "New Mass" (or, I suspect, of any of the other new Sacramental rites) through analysis of its language is doomed to failure, for all the good it would do. The celebrant of the True Mass must intend to do what the Church intends. But how will you ever be able to guess the true intention of the Church when the formulation of its rites is now in the hands of men whose purpose is deliberately devious and indefinable, whose use of words and whose every act is compulsively nebulous and evasive? How will you ever prove the intentions of their ritual formulations when their own thinking is fluid, and basically nihilistic? Their intention is directly related to the condition of those whom their use of language is meant to influence. Their language does not have objective intention, but dialectic direction; their words are chosen always with a view to inching the thought of the masses into the direction of the Revolutionary negations; away, therefore, from objective truth and toward Communism; away from supernatural verities, dogmas, and laws, and toward dialectical materialism, naturalism, cynicism, narcissism, and nihilism. This intention is behind the insatiable need to change the rites of the Church, to change the nomenclature, to change all the prayers, to abolish all the traditions, to ban the merely customary-without regard to any objective benefit or principle. (ibid.)
- The Church forbids us to act under doubt where a question of morality or liceity exists in a case where the Mass or the Sacraments are concerned. In a word, one is bound in conscience to choose the safer course. (Fr. James Wathen, The Great Sacrilege)
Fr. Carl Pulvermacher - Questions and Answers series in The Angelus- Q. My daughter, raised as a good Catholic, feels that whenever she goes to Mass she is going to a valid Mass and that she is receiving a valid Eucharist even if it is bread from the supermarket. Can the Novus Ordo be valid? W.E.B., Morgan City, La.
A. The possibility of being valid or invalid is always present. Sometimes we have to say, ‘Who knows?” Archbishop Lefebvre holds that the Novus Ordo can be valid if all points needed for validity are observed, namely matter, form, priest, and intention. However, he does not approve of the new Service and never says it himself, nor does he permit anyone else to say it. His saying the Novus Ordo is not “per se" invalid is not the same as saying that it is “per se”’ valid. He holds that there are such heretical and Protestant elements in it that it must be always avoided. Another priest has rightly said that the new Ordo is at best a valid sacrilege. The True Mass should not be said in a place where the new Ordo is said, and when the Pope reinstates it, separate churches will be used. (Fr. Pulvermacher, The Angelus: April 1981)
- Q. If the Novus Ordo Masses and recent ordinations are not intrinsically invalid, they must be capable of conferring grace. Does this follow? If they can confer grace, why are we warned (in the pages of your magazine, and in statements by His Grace, unless I am deceived by my memory) to avoid the New Mass? What about my elderly parents who live four hundred miles from a traditionalist Mass station? Should they not attend their local church until a place for the ancient Mass is within reach? A.P.N., Houston, Tx.
A. You refer, of course, to the Michael Davies book review in our May issue. When Mr. Davies or the Archbishop say that the New Mass and Sacraments are not per se, or intrinsically, of themselves, or of their very nature, invalid, they do not mean to say that they are good or grace giving. The Greek Orthodox Mass and sacraments can be valid. Even so, I must avoid them. The Church, the Pope, in the fullness of their authority, cannot approve for all the faithful a rite that is certainly invalid. This would deny the dogma of infallibility. The new Rite of Mass approved by Pope Paul VI, sad to say, was developed with the assistance of six Protestant theologians. Cardinal Ottaviani, a Catholic theologian of repute, warned Pope Paul VI that this new rite was a notable departure from Catholic theology and practice. It is my opinion that this new rite, in the way it is said now, is often doubtfully valid and is poisoned or spoiled. Please consult the interview of Archbishop Lefebvre in this issue for more and better clarification. As for your parents attending Mass and receiving the Sacraments, it is a crying shame that they have to endure such a hardship for their faith. I recommend that they stay away from the New Mass and Sacraments, but keep their Sundays and Holy Days the best they can—by prayer, scripture reading, catechism study, spiritual and corporal works of mercy. (Fr. Pulvermacher, The Angelus: June 1982)
- Q. There is no chapel, nor mission—no place where the True Mass is said anywhere with-in my reach. Yet I cannot accept the Novus Ordo Missae which is all there is at my parish church. What does one do in these circumstances? V.M.D., Thousand Oaks, California.
A. The Novus Ordo Missae is Protestant and leads to apostacy from the Faith. As time goes by it becomes increasingly more likely that this new mass can be both sinful and invalid. You are never obliged to go to a Protestant service to fulfill your Sunday Obligation. One youngster in Kansas City called it a ‘‘Nervous Service’ or a “Nervous Ordeal.”’ The Third Commandment of God must always be kept sacred even when you are prevented from going to Mass. I recommend prayer, Scripture reading, spiritual and corporal works of mercy, and the like. God does expect us to keep His Commandments, but we are not obliged to do what is physically or morally impossible. (Fr. Pulvermacher, The Angelus: November 1980)
- Q. We started going to our parish church (Novus Ordo, of course) on the Sundays there was no traditional Mass here. My question is this. Is it wrong to go to our parish church when the traditional Mass is only available so infrequently? Is it wrong to receive Communion or any other Sacrament in the Novus Ordo church? Is the bread and wine really transubstantiated into the Body and Blood of Christ at the Novus Ordo Mass? S. P., Kasson, Minn.
A. Here we get down to the bare facts. In all questions like this I always advise people to avoid attending the New Mass, as well as the altered Sacraments. I do not say they are always invalid. However, this alone doesn't make them good. The New Mass is not grace-giving. It is not our Catholic Mass. The only reason it was created was to destroy our true Mass. This excuse of people not being able to understand the Latin language is silly. We were always instructed to follow with our English (or other) missals. Latin is still the official language of the Church. Anybody telling me the New Mass in Latin is easier to understand than the Tridentine Mass is surely joking. The real thing is better than the substitute. (Fr. Pulvermacher, The Angelus: March 1984)
- Q. Several people objected to my saying, in last month's column, that the New Mass was not grace giving. "It is heresy to hold a valid Mass is not grace giving."
A. First of all, there is a difference between validity and grace-giving. I believe the one may be present without the other. Surely, I do not claim that in every case the New Mass is invalid. I hate to make comparisons but I know you would agree that a valid Satanic mass (Black Mass) would not be grace giving. I certainly do not hold the New Mass is the same as a Black Mass. I merely look at the fruits. So far I have not seen a Catholic who has advanced in holiness because of the graces of the New Mass. No Novus Ordo priest or lay person that I know of has even come close to being lifted to the honors of the Altar—sainthood. Of course, you might say that 15 or 20 years is not enough time to tell. However, we can look at the miserable condition of the papacy, the episcopacy, the priesthood, the brotherhood and sisterhood, and the laity—single and married—and we find it easier to say "no grace giving," than "grace giving." We have material eyes and cannot see the state of grace, so we cannot prove it one way or the other. All we can do is to look at the results of the New Mass. Has anyone ever dreamed that in most of our churches such sacrilegious things could take place as clown liturgies, dancing girls, homosexual masses, Jewish and Protestant liturgies? Our Lord said, "Let no one lead you astray." "By their fruits you shall know them." "Beware of false prophets who come to you in sheep's clothing, but inwardly are ravenous wolves." I have yet to see a single Catholic who has truly benefited from the New Mass. Never have I seen a Novus Ordo convent or a monastery where religious life was not in a state of decline. When we had the true Mass, normal progress was seen. When we adopted the Novus Ordo, we have seen normal decline. I dare any person—cleric or lay—to prove the grace-givingness of the New Ordo liturgy! (Fr. Pulvermacher, The Angelus: April 1984)
- Q. If I were to take your advice I would not attend a Mass from one year end to another. If we lived in happier times and the Tridentine Mass was as available as the other, then I would go all the way with you. But, sad to say, this is not the case ... I am afraid if people took your advice they would eventually drift away from the Church and lose their faith ... I am sorry to say that I believe your advice to be totally wrong and immeasurably harmful. F. G., Hants, England.
A. My advice was, and still is, the same. It seems to be insane to say: "Don't go to the Novus Ordo Mass even under the best of circumstances!" I do not deny that in some cases it could be valid. It might be said with some dignity by a validly ordained, sad, old priest. You might cry with him over the memory of the Holy Mass of all times, which he misses. Christ could be present by transubstantiation. In spite of everything, it is not good and should be avoided. It is an invention of enemies of the Church. It is Protestant and leads to Protestantism. The only reason why it was invented and brought into the Church was for the purpose of destroying our true Mass. The devil hates our Holy Mass and he will do anything to stop it or slow it down. He can even make us feel sorry for the New Mass and for the good priests who obediently say it with sorrow. I am sure there are many good Catholics who go to it with sorrow because they want to be obedient children of Holy Mother Church. I will not judge them, or you —God knows all things. However, because of what I know of the New Mass, I shall never advise anyone to go to it, even if it is sometimes valid. I do not want to give advice that is wrong or harmful. (Fr. Pulvermacher, The Angelus: May 1984)
Fr. Scott Gardner - "One of the biggest–and, unfortunately, one of the most common–mistakes traditional Catholics make in questions concerning the sacraments is to confuse the issues of validity and lawfulness. To some, “valid” means “good or pleasing,” and, likewise, “bad or displeasing” means “invalid.” Nothing could be further from the truth. ... The Church has established laws for conferring the Sacraments precisely to prevent them from being abused by bad circumstances even though they are valid. Sacraments may certainly be valid but unlawful; what is valid is not always good for souls. … Since the Church has established laws for the (at least hopefully) fruitful administration of the sacraments, it behooves all sacramental ministers to follow those laws for the good of the souls to whom they are ministering. They must be concerned not only with the validity of the Sacraments they confer, but with making sure that they are lawful.
"The same principle holds true in the conferring of Holy Orders, and, in fact, Holy Mother Church is even more concerned, so to speak, with the validity and lawfulness of Holy Orders because this sacrament has such a far-reaching influence on souls. The priest must not receive Holy Orders for himself primarily, but for others. His ministry will influence untold numbers of souls–for good or ill–and the Church, following St. Paul’s exhortation, will not allow bishops to “impose hands lightly on any man,” lest they “be partaker in other men’s sins.” The Church considers the personal responsibility of an ordaining bishop for a new priest’s soul and for the souls that the new priest will influence–again, for good or ill. She has thus made some fairly stringent guidelines, through her “accumulated prudence,” for the lawful conferral of Holy Orders, and anyone–whether bishop or ordinand–who lightly sets these guidelines aside is imprudent, to say the least." (Fr. Scott Gardener, Validity is Not Enough, Part 1)
- "For an ordination to be valid on the part of the one being ordained, it is necessary only that he be a baptized male who has at least the habitual intention of receiving the Sacrament of Holy Orders. Of course, this presupposes that the bishop conferring the ordination is himself validly consecrated, that he uses the essential form, and has the intention of doing what the Church does. These are the only requirements for a valid ordination; sometimes, however, a particular valid ordination could indeed be a bad idea. Stalin could have received Holy Orders validly if he had so desired, and if he had been able to find a bishop to ordain him. ...Validity is truly not enough. The Church has told us for centuries which warning signs to heed in order that an ordination may be lawful and have a greater chance of glorifying God and sanctifying souls. We ignore those signs at our peril." (Fr. Scott Gardener, Validity is Not Enough, Part 2)
- "Grace is an essentially supernatural reality. It cannot be “felt” with the senses, experienced by the emotions. Certainly, the actual graces sent by God to direct us can, by His permission, cause an emotional response within our souls, but practically anything can cause an emotional response within our souls!" (Fr. Scott Gardener, Validity is Not Enough, Part 3)
- "It is only necessary to look around at the veritable avalanche of disasters following from imprudent ordinations to see the source of so much evil. That source is not God. However kind or otherwise commendable such a priest or bishop may be, if he has received–or given–holy orders to a man, or in a way, not willed by God, he is in great danger. He puts souls in danger. He must, somehow, come to his senses and seek a way out by petitioning Rome for laicization. He must further do serious penance. He must not neglect to repair the harm he may have done to souls, and he must not stand on his dignity– the dignity of an order that has been usurped. These may seem like harsh words, but the reality is harsher, and God is just as well as merciful!"
"For the faithful, it is time to wake up to the danger that such irregular ordinations pose to the common good of the Church. Validity is not enough! “Valid” is not the same thing as good or fruitful. Men who have no vocations, who do not know how to conduct themselves, much less how to form others, are circulating all over the place. They might represent less of a danger to the Church if they were not priests, for they are priests who have taken the priesthood to themselves, by themselves. They have, as likely as not, received this priesthood from bishops who have behaved likewise. Although they may be friends or even relatives, do not fall into the trap. In that way lies anarchy, chaos, and finally madness. The ultimate answer lies in common sense, enlightened by Faith: examine the fruits and trust only those who can show good fruits. These fruits will be the result of God’s blessing on those who follow the accumulated prudence of the Church, who is our mother and teacher." (Fr. Scott Gardener, Validity is Not Enough, Part 4)
Dominicans of Avrille
Fr. Wickens
- Spiritual death is more critical than physical death. Everyone knows that. … With the countless irreverent liturgies and invalid Masses, along with the virtual disappearance of Confession, there has been a drastic reduction in the graces of salvation. Sanctifying grace is absolutely necessary for salvation. There is no other way to avoid eternal damnation. Incorporation into the very life of Christ is a sine qua non for spiritual life of the soul. Lectures, books, cassette tapes, workshops, committees (Renew, Sex Ed, New Creation Catechisms), anniversary parties, and fund-raising galas... none of these confer sanctifying grace—only valid Sacraments can do this. At the rate we are going, in ten years, there will be virtually no Faith, and few valid Sacraments. Doesn't this bother conservatives? Do they not see their children and grandchildren losing their salvation? It seems to us that a gifted holy instrument of God has been given to us: Archbishop Lefebvre. (Fr. Wickens, Archbishop Marcel Lefebvre: A Living Saint, Angelus: January 1989)
- The priests of the Society of St. Pius X, the Society founded by Archbishop Lefebvre, are validly ordained, offer valid Masses, and confer valid Sacraments. And besides validity, these Masses universally emanate reverence, fear of the Lord, love our of Crucified Savior, and doctrinal integrity. Can you say that about your local diocese? Or local parish church or school? Does your pastor use valid matter for Mass? Does he look upon the Mass primarily as the re-enactment of Christ's sacrificial death on Calvary (this was infallibly defined by the Council of Trent)? Does your pastor, when he approaches the "table," possess the proper intention?* If the celebrant does not believe in transubstantiation, then there is no valid sacrifice. Otherwise, if the maxim "ecclesia supplet" is applied, then every Lutheran and Presbyterian minister (if he has valid orders) would be offering up valid Masses. It is a fact that the bishops both of Ontario, Canada, and Boston, Massachusetts, have admitted that one-half of their priests do not believe in transubstantiation! Therefore, one-half of the Masses in Ontario and Boston are invalid. No sanctifying grace is given; souls are deprived of the means to salvation. Doesn't this bother "conservatives" and "pseudo-conservatives"? Don't they care about saving souls? (ibid.)
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Fourth Week after Easter |
Posted by: Stone - 04-26-2021, 06:27 AM - Forum: Easter
- Replies (5)
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Monday of the Fourth Week after Easter
℣. In resurrectione tua Christe, alleluia.
℣. In thy resurrection, O Christ, alleluia.
℟. Cœli et terra lætentur, alleluia.
℟. Let heaven and earth rejoice, alleluia.
Our Risen Jesus is not satisfied with establishing his Church and constituting the Hierarchy which is to govern it in his name to the end of time; he also confides to his Disciples his divine word, that is, the truths he is come to reveal to mankind, and into which truths he has given them an insight during the three years preceding his Passion. The Word of God, which is also called Revelation, is, together with Grace, the most precious gift that heaven could bestow upon us. It is by the Word of God that we know the mysteries of his Divine Essence, the plan according to which he framed the Creation, the supernatural end he destined for such of his creatures as he endowed with understanding and free-will, the sublime work of redemption by the Incarnation of the Second Person of the Blessed Trinity—in a word, the means whereby we are to honor and serve him, and attain the end for which we were made.
From the very commencement of the world, God revealed his Word to man; later on, he spoke by the Prophets; but when the fullness of time came, he sent upon the earth his Only Begotten Son, that he might complete this first Revelation. We have seen how, for three years, Jesus has been teaching men, and how, in order that he might make them the more easily understand his words, he has stooped to their littleness. Though his teaching was of the sublimest possible character, yet did he make it so intelligible that no instruction could be compared to his in clearness. It was for this reason that me made use of simple parables, whereby he conveyed his divine truths to the mind of his hearers. His Apostles and Disciples, who were afterwards to preach his Gospel to the world, received from him frequent special instructions; although, until the accomplishment of the mysteries of his Death and Resurrection, they were slow in understanding his teaching. Since his Resurrection, they are better able to appreciate his instructions, for not only are his words more telling now that he is in the glory of his triumph over death, but the minds of his hearers have become more enlightened by the extraordinary events that have occurred. If he could say to them at the Last Supper: I will not now call you Servants; but I have called you my Friends: because all things whatsoever I have heard from my Father, I have made known unto you; how must he not treat them now that he has repeated to them the whole of his teaching, given them the world Word of God, and is on the eve of sending the Holy Spirit upon them, in order to perfect their understanding, and give them power to preach the Gospel to the entire world?
O holy Word of God! O holy Revelation! through thee are we admitted into divine Mysteries, which human Reason could never reach. We love thee, and are resolved to be submissive to thee. It is thou that givest rise to the grand virtue without which it is impossible to please God; the virtue which commences the work of man’s salvation, the without which this work could neither be continued nor finished. This virtue is Faith. It makes our Reason bow down to the Word of God. There comes from its divine obscurity a light far more glorious than are all the conclusions of Reason, how great soever may be their evidence. This virtue is to be the bond of union in the new society, which our Lord is now organizing. To become a member of this society, man must begin by believing; that he may continue to be a member, he must never, not even for one moment, waver in his faith. We shall soon be hearing our Lord saying these words: He that believeth and is baptised, shall be saved; but he that believeth not, shall be condemned. The more clearly to express the necessity of Faith, the members of the Church are to be called by a beautiful name of the Faithful: they who do not believe are to be called Infidels.
Faith, then, being the first link of the supernatural union between man and God, it follows that this union ceases when Faith is broken, that is, denied; and that he who, after having once been thus united to God breaks the link by rejecting the word of God, and substituting error in its place, commits one of the greatest of crimes. Such a one will be called a Heretic, that is, one who separates himself; and the Faithful will tremble at his apostasy. Even were his rebellion to the Revealed Word to fall upon only one article, still he commits enormous blasphemy; for he either separates himself from God as being a deceiver, or he implies that his own created, weak, and limited reason is superior to eternal and infinite Truth.
As time goes on, Heresies will rise up, each attacking some dogma or other; so that scarcely one truth will be left unassailed: but all this will serve for little else than to bring out the Revelation purer and brighter than before. There will, however, come a time, and that time is our own, when Heresy will not confine itself to some one particular article of faith; but will proclaim the total independence of Reason, and declare Revelation to be a forgery. This impious system will give itself the high-sounding name of Rationalism, and these are to be its leading doctrines: Christ’s mission, a failure and his teaching false; his Church, an insult to man’s dignity: the eighteen centuries of Christian civilization, a popular illusion! The followers of this school, the so-called Philosophers of modern times, would have subverted all society, had not God come to its assistance, and fulfilled the promise he made of never allowing his Revealed Word to be taken away from mankind, nor the Church, to whom he confided his Word, to be destroyed.
Others go not so far as this. They do not pretend to deny the benefits conferred on the world by the Christian Religion—the facts of history are too evident to be contested: still, as they will not submit their reason to the mysteries revealed by God, they have a way peculiar to themselves for eliminating the element of Faith from this world. As every revealed truth, and every miracle confirmatory of divine interposition, is disagreeable to them, they attribute to natural causes every fact which bears testimony to the Son of God being present among us. They do not insult Religion, they simply pass it by; they hold that the Supernatural serves no purpose; people, they say, have taken appearances for realities. The laws of history and common sense count for nothing. Agreeably to their system, which they call Naturalism, they deny what they cannot explain; they maintain that the people of the past eighteen centuries have been deceived, and that the Creator cannot suspend the laws of Nature, just as the Rationalists teach that there is nothing above Reason.
Are Reason and Nature, then, to be obstacles to our Redeemer’s love for mankind? Thanks be to his infinite power, he would not have it so! As to Reason, he repairs and perfects her by Faith; and he suspends the laws of Nature, that we may cheerfully believe the word whose truth is guaranteed by the testimony of miracles. Jesus is truly risen; let Reason and Nature rejoice; for he has ennobled and sanctified them by the glad Mystery!
Let us proclaim the triumph of the Redeemer, whom we adore. Let us make our own this Sequence of the Cluny Missal of 1523.
Sequence
Ecce vicit radix David,
Leo de tribu Juda.
Lo! the Root of David, the Lion of the Tribe of Juda, hath conquered.
Mors vicit mortem,
Et mors nostra est vita.
Death hath conquered death; and that Death is our Life.
Mira bella, et stupenda satis
Inter oves victoria.
Strange was the war, and stupendous the victory that was seen by the flock of Christ,
Ut moriens superaret fortem
Cum callida versutia.
When he, by his Death, vanquished the strong and crafty enemy.
Domum ejus ingressus
Est Rex æternus,
Et averni confregit vasa.
The Eternal King forced the enemy’s house, and broke the armor of hell.
Drachmam secum quæ perierat
Asportavit, et patefecit regni claustra.
He brought back the groat that was lost, and opened the gates of heaven.
Paradisi porta
Quæ clausa fuerat
Per lignum vetitum
Et lethale in primævo.
Heaven’s gate, that had been shut, at the beginning of the world, by the forbidden fruit, which brought death;
Quam clauserat Eva conditori,
Clauseratque cunctis
Postmodum natis
De stirpe sua.
The gate, which Eve had closed against him from whom she had been formed, and against all the children that were to be born of her race;
Quæ commisit protoplastus,
Reseravit dextra per stirpis materiam.
Yea, what our First Parent thus sinfully closed, was thrown open by the right hand of the God that assumed our flesh.
Susceperat mors indemnem,
Quem tenere numquam potuerat propter culpam.
Death laid hands on Him on whom it had no claim, because free from sin;
Dum ambiit illicita,
Quæ tenebat juste
Perdidit acquisita.
And by thus coveting what was not its own, it lost what it hitherto had justly held.
Ampliare voluerat in secessu,
Et remansit evacuata.
By wishing to add to its prey, it was made to yield up what it had devoured.
Hic verus est agnus legalis
Qui multis se manifestavit figuris,
Tandem se hostiam pro mundo
Dedit Patri ut redimeret membra sua.
Christ is the true Lamb, that was foretold in the Law under manifold figures, and who, at length, offered himself to the Father as a Victim for the world’s redemption.
Hic lapis est angularis,
Quem reprobaverunt ædificantes.
This is the Corner-Stone, rejected by the builders.
Jam factus est in caput anguli
Super omnes in excelso.
He is now the Head of the Corner, set high above all the rest.
Regnum ejus magnum
Et potestas ejus prima per sæcula.Amen.
His kingdom is great, and his power supreme: they are for ever and ever. Amen.
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